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Difference between revisions of "Black-naped Monarch" - BirdForum Opus

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[[Image:Black-naped_Monarch.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|Romy+Ocon|Romy Ocon}}]]
 
 
'''Alternative name: Black-naped Blue Monarch'''
 
'''Alternative name: Black-naped Blue Monarch'''
 +
[[Image:Black-naped_Monarch.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Male<br />Photo by {{user|Romy+Ocon|Romy Ocon}}<br />Mount Makiling, Laguna Province, [[Philippines]], July 2004]]
 
;[[:category:Hypothymis|Hypothymis]] azurea
 
;[[:category:Hypothymis|Hypothymis]] azurea
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'''Inlcudes Pale-blue Monarch'''
 
−
 
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
−
16 cm.  '''Male''' - pale blue head, chest, back and tail, darker blue wings, thin black band across throat,  whitish lower belly, black nape, black gorget, black crest on crown.   ''' Female''' - duller, lacks black markings, grey-brown back, breast, wings and tail.
+
15–17 cm, (6-6¾ in)<br />
 +
'''Male'''
 +
*Pale blue head, chest, back and tail
 +
*Wings are a darker blue
 +
*Thin black throat band
 +
*Whitish lower belly
 +
*Black nape, gorget and crest<br />
 +
[[Image:Black-naped Monarch44.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo by {{user|kctsang|kctsang}}<br />Sepilok, Sabah, Eastern [[Malaysia]], May 2007]]
 +
''' Female''': duller
 +
*Lacks black markings
 +
*Grey-brown back, breast, wings and tail
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
−
From [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]] east to [[Indochina]], S [[China]], [[Taiwan]], [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]] and the [[Philippines]].
+
From [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]] east to [[Indochina]], southern [[China]], [[Taiwan]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]] (rare and local), [[Indonesia]] and the [[Philippines]].
 +
 
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
−
Several subspecies, including many island forms. <br />
+
[[Pale-blue Monarch]] was formerly included in this species.
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''Puella'' and ''blasii'' from [[Sulawesi]], Banggai and Sula are sometimes split as '''Pale-blue Monarch''', ''Hypothymis puella''.
+
====Subspecies====
 +
[[Image:Black naped monarch MWR.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Sub-adult<br />Photo by {{user|robby+thai|robby thai}}<br />[[Mae Wong National Park]], [[Thailand]], August 2015]]
 +
Several subspecies, including many island forms<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
 +
*''H. a. styani'': [[India]] and [[Nepal]] to southern [[China]] and [[Indochina]]; winters to Hainan
 +
*''H. a. oberholseri'': [[Taiwan]]
 +
*''H. a. forrestia'': Mergui Archipelago (southern [[Myanmar]])
 +
*''H. a. montana'': Northern and central [[Thailand]]
 +
*''H. a. galerita'': Peninsular [[Thailand]]
 +
*''H. a. prophata'': Southern [[Thailand]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], [[Sumatra]] and [[Borneo]]
 +
*''H. a. tytleri'': [[Andaman Islands]] and Cocos Islands (Bay of Bengal)
 +
*''H. a. ceylonensis'': [[Sri Lanka]]
 +
*''H. a. idiochroa'': Car Nicobar Island
 +
*''H. a. nicobarica'': [[Nicobar Islands]]
 +
*''H. a. opisthocyanea'': Anambas Islands (South China Sea)
 +
*''H. a. javana'': [[Java]] and [[Bali]]
 +
*''H. a. penidae'': Penida Island ([[Lesser Sundas]])
 +
*''H. a. karimatensis'': Karimata Island (off western [[Borneo]])
 +
*''H. a. gigantoptera'': Natunas Islands (South China Sea)
 +
*''H. a. aeria'': Maratua Islands (off [[Borneo]])
 +
*''H. a. consobrina'': Simeulue Island (off [[Sumatra]])
 +
*''H. a. leucophila'': Mentawi Archipelago (off [[Sumatra]])
 +
*''H. a. richmondi'': Enggano Island ([[Sumatra]])
 +
*''H. a. abbotti'': Babi and Masia islands ([[Malaysia]])
 +
*''H. a. symmixta'': [[Lesser Sundas]]
 +
*''H. a. azurea'': [[Philippines|Philippine Islands]]
 +
*''H. a. catarmanensis'': Southern [[Philippines]] (Camiguin Sur)
 +
 
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
−
Thick forests and other well-wooded habitats.
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Disturbed mixed deciduous forest, forest edge and second growth, with thick undergrowth, at heights up to 1,500m.
 
==Behaviour==
 
==Behaviour==
 
====Breeding====
 
====Breeding====
−
A small cup nest is built from fine grasses and moss, placed in a tree and 3 eggs are laid.
+
A small cup nest is built from fine grasses and moss, placed in a tree. The clutch consists of 3 eggs.
 
====Diet====
 
====Diet====
 
The diet includes insects.
 
The diet includes insects.
 
====Vocalisation====
 
====Vocalisation====
−
Song: ''Hui-hui-hui'' or ''pwee-pwee-pwee''.
+
'''Song''': ''Hui-hui-hui'' or ''pwee-pwee-pwee''.
 +
==References==
 +
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug15}}#Avibase
 +
#Birding in Taiwan
 +
#Wikipedia
 +
{{ref}}
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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{{GSearch|Hypothymis+azurea}}  
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{{GSearch|"Hypothymis azurea" {{!}} "Black-naped Monarch"}}
 +
{{GS-checked}}1
 +
<br />
 +
<br />
 +
 
 
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Hypothymis]]
 
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Hypothymis]]

Latest revision as of 19:48, 4 March 2024

Alternative name: Black-naped Blue Monarch

Male
Photo by Romy Ocon
Mount Makiling, Laguna Province, Philippines, July 2004
Hypothymis azurea

Identification

15–17 cm, (6-6¾ in)
Male

  • Pale blue head, chest, back and tail
  • Wings are a darker blue
  • Thin black throat band
  • Whitish lower belly
  • Black nape, gorget and crest
Female
Photo by kctsang
Sepilok, Sabah, Eastern Malaysia, May 2007

Female: duller

  • Lacks black markings
  • Grey-brown back, breast, wings and tail

Distribution

From India and Sri Lanka east to Indochina, southern China, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore (rare and local), Indonesia and the Philippines.

Taxonomy

Pale-blue Monarch was formerly included in this species.

Subspecies

Sub-adult
Photo by robby thai
Mae Wong National Park, Thailand, August 2015

Several subspecies, including many island forms[1]:

Habitat

Disturbed mixed deciduous forest, forest edge and second growth, with thick undergrowth, at heights up to 1,500m.

Behaviour

Breeding

A small cup nest is built from fine grasses and moss, placed in a tree. The clutch consists of 3 eggs.

Diet

The diet includes insects.

Vocalisation

Song: Hui-hui-hui or pwee-pwee-pwee.

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2015. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2015, with updates to August 2015. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Avibase
  3. Birding in Taiwan
  4. Wikipedia

Recommended Citation

External Links

GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1

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