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| − | '''Alternative name: Fan-tailed Warbler, Streaked Fantail Warbler, Streaked Fan-tailed Warbler''' | + | '''Alternative name: Fan-tailed Warbler, Fan-tailed Cisticola, Streaked Fantail Warbler, Streaked Fan-tailed Warbler''' |
'''Disambiguation: For the American species ''Euthlypis lachrymosa'', see [[Fan-tailed Warbler]]''' | '''Disambiguation: For the American species ''Euthlypis lachrymosa'', see [[Fan-tailed Warbler]]''' | ||
| − | [[Image:16499cistico 1 800.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|Momo|Momo}}<br />Gialova Lagoon, Peloponnese, [[Greece]], September 2006 ]] | + | [[Image:16499cistico 1 800.jpg|thumb|550px|right|''C. j. juncidis''<br />Photo by {{user|Momo|Momo}}<br />Gialova Lagoon, Peloponnese, [[Greece]], September 2006 ]] |
;[[:Category:Cisticola|Cisticola]] juncidis | ;[[:Category:Cisticola|Cisticola]] juncidis | ||
| + | |||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | 10-11cm | + | Length 10-11cm, weight (male) 7-12 g (female) 5-8 g |
| − | *Sandy-brown above, heavily streaked with black on the mantle | + | *Sandy-brown above, heavily streaked with black on the mantle and crown |
| − | *White underparts | + | *White to buffy underparts |
| − | *Short broad, white-tipped tail<br /> | + | *Short, broad, white-tipped tail<br /> |
| − | + | *Bill pale yellow-buff, except for breeding male, which has a black bill | |
| + | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
Southern [[Europe]], [[Africa]] outside the deserts and rainforest, and southern [[Asia]] down to northern [[Australia]]. | Southern [[Europe]], [[Africa]] outside the deserts and rainforest, and southern [[Asia]] down to northern [[Australia]]. | ||
| + | |||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | [[Image:43317Z Cisticola7.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Photo by {{user|kctsang|kctsang}}<br />[[Singapore]], April 2006]] | + | [[Image:43317Z Cisticola7.JPG|thumb|350px|right|''C. j. malaya''<br />Photo by {{user|kctsang|kctsang}}<br />[[Singapore]], April 2006]] |
| − | This genus | + | This genus, with various other mainly subtropical and tropical warbler genera is now treated in the family [[Cisticolidae]]. |
====Subspecies==== | ====Subspecies==== | ||
| − | There are 17 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | + | There are 17 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>, divided into four broad regional groups:<br /> |
| + | '''Mediterranean group''' | ||
*''C. j. cisticola'': | *''C. j. cisticola'': | ||
:*Coastal western [[France]] to [[Iberian Peninsula]], [[Balearic Islands]] and north-western [[Africa]] | :*Coastal western [[France]] to [[Iberian Peninsula]], [[Balearic Islands]] and north-western [[Africa]] | ||
*''C. j. juncidis'': | *''C. j. juncidis'': | ||
| − | :*Southern [[France]] to [[Corsica]], [[Sardinia]], [[Balkans]], [[Turkey]], [[Syria]] and [[ | + | :*Southern [[France]] to [[Corsica]], [[Sardinia]], [[Balkans]], [[Turkey]], [[Syria]], and [[Egypt]] |
*''C. j. neuroticus'': | *''C. j. neuroticus'': | ||
| − | :*[[Cyprus]], [[ | + | :*[[Cyprus]], [[Lebanon]], [[Israel]], [[Iraq]] and western [[Iran]]<br /> |
| − | *''C. j. uropygialis | + | '''Tropical African group''' |
| + | *''C. j. uropygialis'': | ||
:*[[Senegal]] to southern [[Nigeria]], [[Sudan]], [[Rwanda]] and northern [[Tanzania]]; Mafia Island | :*[[Senegal]] to southern [[Nigeria]], [[Sudan]], [[Rwanda]] and northern [[Tanzania]]; Mafia Island | ||
| − | [[Image:IMG 5513.jpg|thumb| | + | [[Image:IMG 5513.jpg|thumb|350px|right|''C. j. tinnabulans''<br />Photo by {{user|M+Kwan|M Kwan}}<br />Long Valley, [[Hong Kong]], December 2007]] |
*''C. j. terrestris'': | *''C. j. terrestris'': | ||
| − | :*Rio Muni to central [[Zaire]], [[Burundi]] and southern [[Tanzania]] | + | :*Rio Muni to central [[Zaire]], [[Burundi]] and southern [[Tanzania]]<br /> |
| + | '''South Asian group''' | ||
*''C. j. cursitans'': | *''C. j. cursitans'': | ||
:*Eastern [[Afghanistan]] to [[Pakistan]], [[Nepal]], northern [[Myanmar]], [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]] | :*Eastern [[Afghanistan]] to [[Pakistan]], [[Nepal]], northern [[Myanmar]], [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]] | ||
| Line 43: | Line 49: | ||
:*South-western [[Philippines]] (Culion and Palawan) | :*South-western [[Philippines]] (Culion and Palawan) | ||
*''C. j. fuscicapilla'': | *''C. j. fuscicapilla'': | ||
| − | :*Eastern [[Java]], Kangean Islands and [[Lesser Sundas]] | + | :*Eastern [[Java]], Kangean Islands and [[Lesser Sundas]]<br /> |
| − | [[Image:DSCN8163.JPG|thumb|350px|right| | + | '''Australasian group''' |
| + | [[Image:DSCN8163.JPG|thumb|350px|right|''C. j. salimalii''<br />Photo by {{user|S+K+Gudi|S K Gudi}}<br />Hubli, [[India]], August 2016]] | ||
*''C. j. constans'': | *''C. j. constans'': | ||
:*[[Sulawesi]], Togian Island, Muna Island, Tukangbesi Island and Peleng Island | :*[[Sulawesi]], Togian Island, Muna Island, Tukangbesi Island and Peleng Island | ||
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*''C. j. laveryi'': | *''C. j. laveryi'': | ||
:*Coastal north-eastern [[Queensland]] (Cape York Peninsula south to Keppel Island) | :*Coastal north-eastern [[Queensland]] (Cape York Peninsula south to Keppel Island) | ||
| + | |||
| + | An 18th subspecies formerly accepted as ''C. j. perrenius'' is now treated as a synonym of ''C. j. uropygialis''. The tropical African subspecies group at least has been suggested as a potential future split. Further studies may suggest additional splitting of this very wide-ranging and variable species. | ||
| + | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Open land with shrub, damp scrubby grassland, reeds, cane fields, thick brush, mangroves. Grassy coastal plains, saltmarsh etc. | Open land with shrub, damp scrubby grassland, reeds, cane fields, thick brush, mangroves. Grassy coastal plains, saltmarsh etc. | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| − | A small | + | A small warbler often seen only as a fleeting glimpse as it is a very active little bird. Some subspecies appear to be shyer than others. |
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
Their diet consists almost entirely of insects and small invertebrates, including grasshoppers, dragonflies, moths, caterpillars and insect larvae etc. They mostly forage around the base of grass clumps, but occasionally they hawk for flying insects. | Their diet consists almost entirely of insects and small invertebrates, including grasshoppers, dragonflies, moths, caterpillars and insect larvae etc. They mostly forage around the base of grass clumps, but occasionally they hawk for flying insects. | ||
| Line 62: | Line 72: | ||
The female builds a cup shaped nest deep in grasses, from living leaves, plant-down, cobwebs, and grass, with a canopy of tied-together leaves or grasses overhead for camouflage. Three to six eggs are laid. | The female builds a cup shaped nest deep in grasses, from living leaves, plant-down, cobwebs, and grass, with a canopy of tied-together leaves or grasses overhead for camouflage. Three to six eggs are laid. | ||
====Vocalisation==== | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
| − | The male has a most distinctive song-flight. It flies in circles about 20 ft above the ground, undulating considerably. At the top of each arc it gives a | + | The male has a most distinctive song-flight. It flies in circles about 20 ft above the ground, undulating considerably. At the top of each arc it gives a series of 'zit' notes, in some subspecies a series of double 'zit-zit' notes. |
<flashmp3>Cisticola juncidis (song).mp3</flashmp3><br /> | <flashmp3>Cisticola juncidis (song).mp3</flashmp3><br /> | ||
''[[Media:Cisticola juncidis (song).mp3|Listen in an external program]]''<br /> | ''[[Media:Cisticola juncidis (song).mp3|Listen in an external program]]''<br /> | ||
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Recording by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br /> | Recording by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br /> | ||
Sultanpur, Gurgaon, Haryana, [[India]], July-2016<br /> | Sultanpur, Gurgaon, Haryana, [[India]], July-2016<br /> | ||
| − | Adult | + | Adult ''C. j. cursitans'', calling from an acacia shrub |
==References== | ==References== | ||
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug16}}#Wikipedia | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug16}}#Wikipedia | ||
Revision as of 10:03, 26 September 2016
Alternative name: Fan-tailed Warbler, Fan-tailed Cisticola, Streaked Fantail Warbler, Streaked Fan-tailed Warbler
Disambiguation: For the American species Euthlypis lachrymosa, see Fan-tailed Warbler
- Cisticola juncidis
Identification
Length 10-11cm, weight (male) 7-12 g (female) 5-8 g
- Sandy-brown above, heavily streaked with black on the mantle and crown
- White to buffy underparts
- Short, broad, white-tipped tail
- Bill pale yellow-buff, except for breeding male, which has a black bill
Distribution
Southern Europe, Africa outside the deserts and rainforest, and southern Asia down to northern Australia.
Taxonomy
This genus, with various other mainly subtropical and tropical warbler genera is now treated in the family Cisticolidae.
Subspecies
There are 17 subspecies[1], divided into four broad regional groups:
Mediterranean group
- C. j. cisticola:
- Coastal western France to Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands and north-western Africa
- C. j. juncidis:
- C. j. neuroticus:
Tropical African group
- C. j. uropygialis:
- C. j. terrestris:
South Asian group
- C. j. cursitans:
- C. j. salimalii:
- South-western India (Kerala)
- C. j. omalurus:
- C. j. malaya:
- C. j. brunniceps:
- Japan (Honshu to Ryukyu, Izu and Cheju-Do islands) to northern Philippines
- C. j. tinnabulans:
- Southern China to Indochina, Hainan, Taiwan and Philippines
- C. j. nigrostriatus:
- South-western Philippines (Culion and Palawan)
- C. j. fuscicapilla:
- Eastern Java, Kangean Islands and Lesser Sundas
- Eastern Java, Kangean Islands and Lesser Sundas
Australasian group
- C. j. constans:
- Sulawesi, Togian Island, Muna Island, Tukangbesi Island and Peleng Island
- C. j. normani:
- Coastal southern New Guinea and coastal northern Queensland
- C. j. leanyeri:
- Disjunct in coastal northern Australia to western Gulf of Carpenteria
- C. j. laveryi:
- Coastal north-eastern Queensland (Cape York Peninsula south to Keppel Island)
An 18th subspecies formerly accepted as C. j. perrenius is now treated as a synonym of C. j. uropygialis. The tropical African subspecies group at least has been suggested as a potential future split. Further studies may suggest additional splitting of this very wide-ranging and variable species.
Habitat
Open land with shrub, damp scrubby grassland, reeds, cane fields, thick brush, mangroves. Grassy coastal plains, saltmarsh etc.
Behaviour
A small warbler often seen only as a fleeting glimpse as it is a very active little bird. Some subspecies appear to be shyer than others.
Diet
Their diet consists almost entirely of insects and small invertebrates, including grasshoppers, dragonflies, moths, caterpillars and insect larvae etc. They mostly forage around the base of grass clumps, but occasionally they hawk for flying insects.
Breeding
The female builds a cup shaped nest deep in grasses, from living leaves, plant-down, cobwebs, and grass, with a canopy of tied-together leaves or grasses overhead for camouflage. Three to six eggs are laid.
Vocalisation
The male has a most distinctive song-flight. It flies in circles about 20 ft above the ground, undulating considerably. At the top of each arc it gives a series of 'zit' notes, in some subspecies a series of double 'zit-zit' notes.
<flashmp3>Cisticola juncidis (song).mp3</flashmp3>
Listen in an external program
<flashmp3>Zitting_Cisticola.mp3</flashmp3>
Listen in an external program
Recording by Alok Tewari
Sultanpur, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, July-2016
Adult C. j. cursitans, calling from an acacia shrub
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2016. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2016, with updates to August 2016. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Wikipedia
- Collins Field Guide 5th Edition
- Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6
- BF Member observations
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Zitting Cisticola. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 6 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Zitting_Cisticola
External Links
