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*''C. j. uropygialis (perrenius)'': | *''C. j. uropygialis (perrenius)'': | ||
:*[[Senegal]] to southern [[Nigeria]], [[Sudan]], [[Rwanda]] and northern [[Tanzania]]; Mafia Island | :*[[Senegal]] to southern [[Nigeria]], [[Sudan]], [[Rwanda]] and northern [[Tanzania]]; Mafia Island | ||
| − | [[Image:IMG 5513.jpg|thumb| | + | [[Image:IMG 5513.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Photo by {{user|M+Kwan|M Kwan}}<br />Long Valley, [[Hong Kong]], December 2007]] |
*''C. j. terrestris'': | *''C. j. terrestris'': | ||
:*Rio Muni to central [[Zaire]], [[Burundi]] and southern [[Tanzania]] | :*Rio Muni to central [[Zaire]], [[Burundi]] and southern [[Tanzania]] | ||
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*''C. j. fuscicapilla'': | *''C. j. fuscicapilla'': | ||
:*Eastern [[Java]], Kangean Islands and [[Lesser Sundas]] | :*Eastern [[Java]], Kangean Islands and [[Lesser Sundas]] | ||
| + | [[Image:DSCN8163.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''salimalii''<br />Photo by {{user|S+K+Gudi|S K Gudi}}<br />Hubli, [[India]], August 2016]] | ||
*''C. j. constans'': | *''C. j. constans'': | ||
:*[[Sulawesi]], Togian Island, Muna Island, Tukangbesi Island and Peleng Island | :*[[Sulawesi]], Togian Island, Muna Island, Tukangbesi Island and Peleng Island | ||
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==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
A small Warbler often seen only as a fleeting glimpse as it is a very active little bird. Some subspecies appear to be shier than others. | A small Warbler often seen only as a fleeting glimpse as it is a very active little bird. Some subspecies appear to be shier than others. | ||
| + | ====Diet==== | ||
| + | Their diet consists almost entirely of insects and small invertebrates, including grasshoppers, dragonflies, moths, caterpillars and insect larvae etc. They mostly forage around the base of grass clumps, but occasionally they hawk for flying insects. | ||
====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
The female builds a cup shaped nest deep in grasses, from living leaves, plant-down, cobwebs, and grass, with a canopy of tied-together leaves or grasses overhead for camouflage. Three to six eggs are laid. | The female builds a cup shaped nest deep in grasses, from living leaves, plant-down, cobwebs, and grass, with a canopy of tied-together leaves or grasses overhead for camouflage. Three to six eggs are laid. | ||
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Adult Ssp. cursitans, calling from an Acacia shrub | Adult Ssp. cursitans, calling from an Acacia shrub | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug16}}#Wikipedia |
#Collins Field Guide 5th Edition | #Collins Field Guide 5th Edition | ||
#Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6 | #Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6 | ||
Revision as of 22:36, 25 September 2016
Alternative name: Fan-tailed Warbler, Streaked Fantail Warbler, Streaked Fan-tailed Warbler
Disambiguation: For the American species Euthlypis lachrymosa, see Fan-tailed Warbler
- Cisticola juncidis
Identification
10-11cm.
- Sandy-brown above, heavily streaked with black on the mantle
- White underparts
- Short broad, white-tipped tail
Breeding male has a black bill
Distribution
Southern Europe, Africa outside the deserts and rainforest, and southern Asia down to northern Australia.
Taxonomy
This genus is sometimes split off with various other southern warbler genera and given family status as the Cisticolidae.
Subspecies
There are 17 subspecies[1]:
- C. j. cisticola:
- Coastal western France to Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands and north-western Africa
- C. j. juncidis:
- C. j. neuroticus:
- C. j. uropygialis (perrenius):
- C. j. terrestris:
- C. j. cursitans:
- C. j. salimalii:
- South-western India (Kerala)
- C. j. omalurus:
- C. j. malaya:
- C. j. brunniceps:
- Japan (Honshu to Ryukyu, Izu and Cheju-Do islands) to northern Philippines
- C. j. tinnabulans:
- Southern China to Indochina, Hainan, Taiwan and Philippines
- C. j. nigrostriatus:
- South-western Philippines (Culion and Palawan)
- C. j. fuscicapilla:
- Eastern Java, Kangean Islands and Lesser Sundas
- C. j. constans:
- Sulawesi, Togian Island, Muna Island, Tukangbesi Island and Peleng Island
- C. j. normani:
- Coastal southern New Guinea and coastal northern Queensland
- C. j. leanyeri:
- Disjunct in coastal northern Australia to western Gulf of Carpenteria
- C. j. laveryi:
- Coastal north-eastern Queensland (Cape York Peninsula south to Keppel Island)
Habitat
Open land with shrub, damp scrubby grassland, reeds, cane fields, thick brush, mangroves. Grassy coastal plains, saltmarsh etc.
Behaviour
A small Warbler often seen only as a fleeting glimpse as it is a very active little bird. Some subspecies appear to be shier than others.
Diet
Their diet consists almost entirely of insects and small invertebrates, including grasshoppers, dragonflies, moths, caterpillars and insect larvae etc. They mostly forage around the base of grass clumps, but occasionally they hawk for flying insects.
Breeding
The female builds a cup shaped nest deep in grasses, from living leaves, plant-down, cobwebs, and grass, with a canopy of tied-together leaves or grasses overhead for camouflage. Three to six eggs are laid.
Vocalisation
The male has a most distinctive song-flight. It flies in circles about 20 ft above the ground, undulating considerably. At the top of each arc it gives a sort of 'zit' note.
<flashmp3>Cisticola juncidis (song).mp3</flashmp3>
Listen in an external program
<flashmp3>Zitting_Cisticola.mp3</flashmp3>
Listen in an external program
Recording by Alok Tewari
Sultanpur, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, July-2016
Adult Ssp. cursitans, calling from an Acacia shrub
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2016. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2016, with updates to August 2016. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Wikipedia
- Collins Field Guide 5th Edition
- Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6
- BF Member observations
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Zitting Cisticola. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 6 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Zitting_Cisticola
External Links
