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| − | [[Image: | + | [[Image:28552003-04-25 16-01-18.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Breeding plumage<br />Photo © by {{user|smackay|smackay}}<br />Westport Jetty, Grays Harbor, [[Washington]], [[USA]], 25 April 2003]] |
| − | ;[[:Category: | + | ;[[:Category:Calidris|Calidris]] virgata |
| + | ''Aphriza virgata'' | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| + | Length 23–26 cm, wingspan 50–66 cm, weight 120–190 g<br /> | ||
| + | '''Breeding plumage''' | ||
*Dark streaks on brown head and breast | *Dark streaks on brown head and breast | ||
*Dark spots on white underparts | *Dark spots on white underparts | ||
*Dark upperparts | *Dark upperparts | ||
| − | * | + | *Rusty orange, gray, and blackish mottled scapulars and mantle |
| − | *Black band at the end of the white | + | [[Image:6036Surfbird.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Winter plumage<br />Photo © by {{user|Robert_Scanlon|Robert Scanlon}}<br /> [[Panama]], 18 January 2004]] |
| + | *Black band at the end of the white-based tail | ||
*White wing bar | *White wing bar | ||
| − | *Short dark bill | + | *Short dark bill with orange-yellow base |
*Yellow legs | *Yellow legs | ||
| − | '''Non-breeding''' and '''immature birds''' | + | '''Non-breeding''' and '''immature birds''' |
| + | *Upperparts and breast dark gray; belly streaked white | ||
| + | *Single white wingbar and white rump and tail base | ||
| + | ====Similar species==== | ||
| + | Breeding plumage pattern very similar to [[Great Knot]]; differs from that markedly though in its much shorter bill, and yellow legs. In winter plumage, some resemblance to an outsize [[Rock Sandpiper]]. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | + | Breeds on alpine tundra in central [[Alaska]] and northwestern [[Yukon]]; winters on rocky coasts from southern Alaska to Straits of Magellan, [[Chile]] | |
| − | Breeds [[Alaska]] and [[Yukon]]; winters to Straits of Magellan | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | This is a [[Dictionary_M- | + | [[Image:20032sbs2041As.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo © by {{user|raulroa|raulroa}}<br />Playa del Rey, [[California]], [[United States]], 28 December 2005]] |
| + | This is a [[Dictionary_M-O#M|monotypic]] species<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>. Formerly thought to be of uncertain relationship possibly close to [[:Category:Arenaria|turnstones]] and placed in its own genus ''[[:Category:Aphriza|Aphriza]]'', but recently shown by genetic studies to be closely related to [[Great Knot]] and therefore transferred to join it in the genus ''[[:Category:Calidris|Calidris]]''<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>. | ||
| + | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Rocky shoreline and tundra. | Rocky shoreline and tundra. | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| − | Often | + | Often flocks with [[Black Turnstone]]s. |
====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
| − | |||
The clutch consits of 4 eggs which are laid on the ground, the depression being lined with vegetation. Both adults care for the young, who feed themselves. | The clutch consits of 4 eggs which are laid on the ground, the depression being lined with vegetation. Both adults care for the young, who feed themselves. | ||
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
Includes insects, seeds, molluscs and crustaceans. | Includes insects, seeds, molluscs and crustaceans. | ||
| + | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
| + | Song on breeding grounds is highly structured and harsh-sounding, comprising rapidly repeated three note phrases. | ||
| + | ====Movements==== | ||
| + | Strongly migratory; mainly along coast, but few birds may overfly Western USA during northward migration. | ||
| + | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug19}}#Gibson, R., & Baker, A. (2012). Multiple gene sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships in the shorebird suborder Scolopaci (Aves: Charadriiformes). ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 64: 66–72. |
| + | #Senner, S. E. and B. J. McCaffery (2020). Surfbird (''Calidris virgata''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.surfbi.01 | ||
| + | #Van Gils, J., Wiersma, P. & Kirwan, G.M. (2020). Surfbird (''Calidris virgata''). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/53920 on 29 March 2020). | ||
| + | #Chandler, R. (2009). Shorebirds of North America, Europe, and Asia: A photographic guide. Princeton Univ. Press | ||
| + | #Wikipedia contributors. (2020, March 1). Surfbird. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 07:25, March 29, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surfbird&oldid=943422582 | ||
{{Ref}} | {{Ref}} | ||
| + | |||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch| | + | {{GSearch|Surfbird+virgata}} |
| − | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category: | + | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Calidris]] |
Latest revision as of 07:39, 29 March 2020
- Calidris virgata
Aphriza virgata
Identification
Length 23–26 cm, wingspan 50–66 cm, weight 120–190 g
Breeding plumage
- Dark streaks on brown head and breast
- Dark spots on white underparts
- Dark upperparts
- Rusty orange, gray, and blackish mottled scapulars and mantle
- Black band at the end of the white-based tail
- White wing bar
- Short dark bill with orange-yellow base
- Yellow legs
Non-breeding and immature birds
- Upperparts and breast dark gray; belly streaked white
- Single white wingbar and white rump and tail base
Similar species
Breeding plumage pattern very similar to Great Knot; differs from that markedly though in its much shorter bill, and yellow legs. In winter plumage, some resemblance to an outsize Rock Sandpiper.
Distribution
Breeds on alpine tundra in central Alaska and northwestern Yukon; winters on rocky coasts from southern Alaska to Straits of Magellan, Chile
Taxonomy
This is a monotypic species[1]. Formerly thought to be of uncertain relationship possibly close to turnstones and placed in its own genus Aphriza, but recently shown by genetic studies to be closely related to Great Knot and therefore transferred to join it in the genus Calidris[2].
Habitat
Rocky shoreline and tundra.
Behaviour
Often flocks with Black Turnstones.
Breeding
The clutch consits of 4 eggs which are laid on the ground, the depression being lined with vegetation. Both adults care for the young, who feed themselves.
Diet
Includes insects, seeds, molluscs and crustaceans.
Vocalisation
Song on breeding grounds is highly structured and harsh-sounding, comprising rapidly repeated three note phrases.
Movements
Strongly migratory; mainly along coast, but few birds may overfly Western USA during northward migration.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Gibson, R., & Baker, A. (2012). Multiple gene sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships in the shorebird suborder Scolopaci (Aves: Charadriiformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 64: 66–72.
- Senner, S. E. and B. J. McCaffery (2020). Surfbird (Calidris virgata), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.surfbi.01
- Van Gils, J., Wiersma, P. & Kirwan, G.M. (2020). Surfbird (Calidris virgata). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/53920 on 29 March 2020).
- Chandler, R. (2009). Shorebirds of North America, Europe, and Asia: A photographic guide. Princeton Univ. Press
- Wikipedia contributors. (2020, March 1). Surfbird. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 07:25, March 29, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surfbird&oldid=943422582
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Surfbird. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 20 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Surfbird
