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Difference between revisions of "Eurasian Wryneck" - BirdForum Opus

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;Jynx torquilla
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[[Image:120Wryneck E2D3291.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo &copy; by {{user|Nigelblake|Nigel Blake}}<br />[[Norfolk]], [[UK]], September 2006]]
[[Image:Eurasian_Wryneck.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo by rayh]]
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;[[:Category:Jynx|Jynx]] torquilla
==Description==
 
Cryptically plumaged, the bird can be quite difficult to spot when it keeps still. It sometimes hops across open ground looking for insects. In the spring it has a penetrating 'pee-pee-pee' call, not unlike a lesser spotted woodpecker's.
 
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
Wryneck
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Length 16-18 cm (6-7 in), weight 30-50 g. An unusual, distinctive woodpecker.
Jynx torquilla
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* Mottled grey and brown above
RANGE  Breeds widely across Europe from northern Iberia and western France east to the Urals, Caspian and north Caucasus and across temperate Asia to China and northern Japan. In the north virtually absent from British Isles but breeds over most of Scandinavia except the higher mountains and the far north, and across Russia south of 650N. Breeds south to the northern coast of the Mediterranean from north-east Spain to northern Greece and on Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily. Also breeds sparingly in southern Portugal and in north Algeria.
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* Buffish-ochre breast dark vermiculated
  Mainly a summer visitor but in the far south of range may be partially migratory or resident. Main autumn passage period is August-October, the return in April-May. Passage birds occur throughout Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and southern Asia. Winters in tropical Africa, India, South-East Asia, southern China and southern Japan.
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* Whitish belly dark vermiculated
  Formerly a regular and fairly widespread breeder in Britain, now mainly a scarce passage migrant with 200-400 birds per year, mainly in August-October, with occasional summering birds and sporadic breeding records. Similar declines have been seen elsewhere in Europe, particularly in northern France and in North Sea countries.
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* Dark line through eye and down neck-side
  Vagrants recorded in Iceland and Faroes, Ireland, on Madeira and western Alaska.
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* Broad dark line along centre of crown and back
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* Short pointed bill
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Sexes similar.
  
HABITAT  Open woodland, deciduous or mixed, clearings and edges of forest, orchards, parks and large gardens. Nest in a tree-hole. Occurs in a range of more open habitats on passage including cultivated areas, close-cropped grassland, sand-dunes and shingle beaches.
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====Similar species====
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[[Rufous-necked Wryneck]] has rufous on throat and breast and has streaked (not barred) flanks.
  
SUBSPECIES  Nominate race is found over much of Europe with paler and less well-marked sarudnyi in the Urals and on passage through the Middle East. Darker than nominate and more heavily marked tschusii occurs from Corsica and Italy to Greece and small and dark mauretanica is found in North-West Africa. Strongly-barred race himalayana is found in Kashmir
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In poor light or at a distance, and particularly in flight, can be mistaken for a [[Barred Warbler]] or a small [[:Category:Lanius|shrike]].
==Bird Song==
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<flashmp3>Jynx torquilla (song).mp3</flashmp3><br />
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==Distribution==
''[[Media:Jynx torquilla (song).mp3|Listen in an external program]]''
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Breeds widely across [[Europe]] from northern Iberia and western [[France]] east to the Urals, Caspian and north Caucasus and across temperate [[Asia]] to [[China]] and northern [[Japan]]. In the north, virtually absent from [[British Isles]], but breeds over most of [[Scandinavia]] except the higher mountains and the far north (locally north to 70°N), and across [[Russia]] south of 65°N. Breeds south to the northern coast of the Mediterranean from north-east Spain to northern Greece, in southern [[Portugal]], and on [[Mallorca]], [[Ibiza]], [[Corsica]], [[Sardinia]] and [[Sicily]]. Also breeds in the Atlas Mountains in northern [[Algeria]] and [[Tunisia]].
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Mainly a summer visitor but in the far south of range may be partially migratory or resident. Main autumn passage period is August-October, the return in April-May. Passage birds occur throughout Europe, north [[Africa]], the Middle East and southern [[Asia]]. Winters in tropical [[Africa]] (mainly between 0° to 14°N), [[India]], southeast [[Asia]], southern [[China]] and southern [[Japan]].
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[[Image:Wendehals-im-Flug-a25060085 filtered.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo &copy; by {{user|daniel31083|daniel31083}}<br />[[Bulgaria]]]]
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Formerly a regular and fairly widespread breeder in Britain, now mainly a scarce [[Dictionary_P-S#P|passage migrant]] with 200-400 birds per year, mainly in August-October, with occasional summering birds and sporadic breeding records. Similar declines have been seen elsewhere in Europe, particularly in northern France and in North Sea countries.
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Accidental vagrant to [[Iceland]] (about 15 records) and [[Alaska]] (two records).
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==Taxonomy==
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====Subspecies====
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[[Image:eurasian_wryneck_alok.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''J. t. himalayana''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br/ >[[Bharatpur Keoladeo National Park|Keoladeo National Park]], [[India]], February 2017]]
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There are 6 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
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*''J. t. torquilla'':
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:*breeds from western [[Europe]] (except for areas occupied by tschusii) east to the Ural Mountains, south to Turkey and Caucasus; winters in central [[Africa]] and [[India]]
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*''J. t. sarudnyi''
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:*breeds western [[Siberia]], from the Ural Mountains east to the Altai and the Yenisei River
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*''J. t. chinensis''
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:*breeds eastern [[Siberia]] (east of the Yenisei River) east to Sakhalin and northern [[Japan]] (Hokkaido), south to northern [[Mongolia]] and northeastern [[China]]; winters [[Nepal]] and northeastern [[India]] to southeastern [[China]], [[Indochina]], and southern [[Japan]]
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*''J. t. himalayana'':
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:*North-western [[Himalayas]]; winters to southern [[India]] at lower elevations
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*''J. t. tschusii'':
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:*[[Italy]], [[Sardinia]], [[Corsica]] and eastern Adriatic coast; winters in [[Africa]]
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*''J. t. mauretanica'':
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:*Atlas Mountains in northwest [[Africa]]; resident
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In addition a further subspecies ''J. t. japonica'' (Japan) is recognised by some authorities<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>.
 +
 
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==Habitat==
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Open woodland, deciduous or mixed, clearings and edges of forest, orchards, parks and large gardens; also open pine woods, but rarely in other conifers. Nest in a tree-hole. Occurs in a range of more open habitats on passage including cultivated areas, close-cropped grassland, sand-dunes and shingle beaches.
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[[Image:Eurasian_wryneck_Jynx_torquilla_4_JB.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Fledgling<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|jbpixels|jbpixels}}<br />Bavaria, [[Germany]], July-2019]]
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==Behaviour==
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====Diet====
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Feeds mostly on ants, larvae and pupae, and other insects, which it picks up with the sticky saliva on its long, thin tongue.<br />
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Frequently forages on ground, occasionally in trees.
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====Breeding====
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Breeding season from May to June, in south of range a second clutch is sometimes laid in June or July.<br />
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Places the nest in an old woodpecker hole, a natural cavity or in a nest box. Lays 7 to 12  white eggs.
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====Vocalisation====
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{{ Audio|Jynx torquilla (song).mp3 }}
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==References==
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#{{Ref-Clements6thAug21}}#{{Ref-HBWVol7}}#Avibase
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#Woodpeckers of Europe: A Study of the European Picidae. Gerard Gorman. ISBN 1-872842-05-4
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{{ref}}
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
*[http://www.birdforum.net/gallery/search.php?searchid=777|View more images of Eurasian Wryneck in the gallery]
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{{GSearch|"Jynx torquilla" {{!}} "Eurasian Wryneck"}}
*[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6119023017866907352 View movie-clip (in Google-Video format) here]
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<br />
[[Category:Birds]]
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{{VSearch|"Jynx torquilla" {{!}} "Eurasian Wryneck"}}
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<br />
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{{GS-checked}}1
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<br />
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<br />
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[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Jynx]][[Category:Bird Songs]][[Category:Videos]]

Latest revision as of 00:11, 8 September 2023

Photo © by Nigel Blake
Norfolk, UK, September 2006
Jynx torquilla

Identification

Length 16-18 cm (6-7 in), weight 30-50 g. An unusual, distinctive woodpecker.

  • Mottled grey and brown above
  • Buffish-ochre breast dark vermiculated
  • Whitish belly dark vermiculated
  • Dark line through eye and down neck-side
  • Broad dark line along centre of crown and back
  • Short pointed bill

Sexes similar.

Similar species

Rufous-necked Wryneck has rufous on throat and breast and has streaked (not barred) flanks.

In poor light or at a distance, and particularly in flight, can be mistaken for a Barred Warbler or a small shrike.

Distribution

Breeds widely across Europe from northern Iberia and western France east to the Urals, Caspian and north Caucasus and across temperate Asia to China and northern Japan. In the north, virtually absent from British Isles, but breeds over most of Scandinavia except the higher mountains and the far north (locally north to 70°N), and across Russia south of 65°N. Breeds south to the northern coast of the Mediterranean from north-east Spain to northern Greece, in southern Portugal, and on Mallorca, Ibiza, Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily. Also breeds in the Atlas Mountains in northern Algeria and Tunisia.

Mainly a summer visitor but in the far south of range may be partially migratory or resident. Main autumn passage period is August-October, the return in April-May. Passage birds occur throughout Europe, north Africa, the Middle East and southern Asia. Winters in tropical Africa (mainly between 0° to 14°N), India, southeast Asia, southern China and southern Japan.

Formerly a regular and fairly widespread breeder in Britain, now mainly a scarce passage migrant with 200-400 birds per year, mainly in August-October, with occasional summering birds and sporadic breeding records. Similar declines have been seen elsewhere in Europe, particularly in northern France and in North Sea countries.

Accidental vagrant to Iceland (about 15 records) and Alaska (two records).

Taxonomy

Subspecies

Subspecies J. t. himalayana
Photo © by Alok Tewari
Keoladeo National Park, India, February 2017

There are 6 subspecies[1]:

  • J. t. torquilla:
  • breeds from western Europe (except for areas occupied by tschusii) east to the Ural Mountains, south to Turkey and Caucasus; winters in central Africa and India
  • J. t. sarudnyi
  • breeds western Siberia, from the Ural Mountains east to the Altai and the Yenisei River
  • J. t. chinensis
  • J. t. himalayana:
  • North-western Himalayas; winters to southern India at lower elevations
  • J. t. tschusii:
  • J. t. mauretanica:
  • Atlas Mountains in northwest Africa; resident

In addition a further subspecies J. t. japonica (Japan) is recognised by some authorities[2].

Habitat

Open woodland, deciduous or mixed, clearings and edges of forest, orchards, parks and large gardens; also open pine woods, but rarely in other conifers. Nest in a tree-hole. Occurs in a range of more open habitats on passage including cultivated areas, close-cropped grassland, sand-dunes and shingle beaches.

Fledgling
Photo © by jbpixels
Bavaria, Germany, July-2019

Behaviour

Diet

Feeds mostly on ants, larvae and pupae, and other insects, which it picks up with the sticky saliva on its long, thin tongue.
Frequently forages on ground, occasionally in trees.

Breeding

Breeding season from May to June, in south of range a second clutch is sometimes laid in June or July.
Places the nest in an old woodpecker hole, a natural cavity or in a nest box. Lays 7 to 12 white eggs.

Vocalisation

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Del Hoyo, J, A Elliot, and J Sargatal, eds. 2002. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 7: Jacamars to Woodpeckers. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8487334375
  3. Avibase
  4. Woodpeckers of Europe: A Study of the European Picidae. Gerard Gorman. ISBN 1-872842-05-4

Recommended Citation

External Links



GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1

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