(taxonomy, id, behavior, range) |
(Taxonomy expanded. Attempt to disguise some copied text. References updated) |
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| − | [[Image:Dusky_Antbird.jpg|thumb| | + | [[Image:Dusky_Antbird.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Male<br />Photo by {{user|Glen_Tepke|Glen Tepke}} <br />Soberania National Park, [[Panama]], January 2004]] |
;[[:Category:Cercomacra|Cercomacra]] tyrannina | ;[[:Category:Cercomacra|Cercomacra]] tyrannina | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | 14.5cm | + | 14.5cm<br /> |
| − | |||
'''Male''' | '''Male''' | ||
*Grey to blackish upperparts | *Grey to blackish upperparts | ||
| Line 11: | Line 10: | ||
*Young males for the first year has a subdued plumage | *Young males for the first year has a subdued plumage | ||
'''Female''' | '''Female''' | ||
| + | [[Image:IMG_4917.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo by {{user|Gary+Clark|Gary Clark}}<br />Carara National Park, [[Costa Rica]].]] | ||
*Brown above | *Brown above | ||
*Rufous-cinnamon below | *Rufous-cinnamon below | ||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
====Similar species==== | ====Similar species==== | ||
[[Blackish Antbird]] overlaps in range in the [[Guianas]]; [[Jet Antbird]] in [[Panama]] | [[Blackish Antbird]] overlaps in range in the [[Guianas]]; [[Jet Antbird]] in [[Panama]] | ||
| − | + | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
From southeastern [[Mexico]] through [[Central America]] to [[Panama]]; in [[South America]] west of Andes to western [[Ecuador]], in northern [[Colombia]], and east of the andes in the lowlands north of Amazon river to The [[Guianas]] and [[Brazil]]. | From southeastern [[Mexico]] through [[Central America]] to [[Panama]]; in [[South America]] west of Andes to western [[Ecuador]], in northern [[Colombia]], and east of the andes in the lowlands north of Amazon river to The [[Guianas]] and [[Brazil]]. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| + | ====Subspecies==== | ||
Four subspecies are recognized<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | Four subspecies are recognized<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | ||
| − | *''C. t. crepera'' | + | *''C. t. crepera'': |
| − | *''C. t. tyrannina'' | + | :*South-eastern [[Mexico]] to western [[Panama]] |
| − | *''C. t. vicina'' | + | *''C. t. tyrannina'': |
| − | *''C. t. | + | :*Central Panama to eastern [[Colombia]], southern [[Venezuela]] and north-western [[Brazil]] |
| − | + | *''C. t. vicina'': | |
| + | :*Eastern slope of Eastern Andes of northern Colombia and north-western Venezuela | ||
| + | *''C. t. vicina'': | ||
| + | :*[[The Guianas]] and north-eastern Amazonian Brazil | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Wet forest. | Wet forest. | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| − | A deep, small cup shaped nest is built from plant material and dead leaves | + | ====Breeding==== |
| − | + | A deep, small cup shaped nest is built from plant material and dead leaves. The clutch consists of 2 white eggs with red brown spots. Both adults incubate and raise the young. | |
| − | |||
| + | The youngsters will stay on their parents territory for almost a year, until the start of next breeding season, unless a vacancy appears in a nearby territory. | ||
| + | ====Diet==== | ||
The diet includes insects. | The diet includes insects. | ||
| − | |||
====Vocalisation==== | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
| − | Call: whistled ''kick'' | + | '''Call''': whistled ''kick''<br /> |
| − | + | '''Song''': male - ''pu pu pe pi pi'' the female responds with ''juu-ut juu-ut juu-ut juu-ut juu-ut''. | |
| − | Song: male - ''pu pu pe pi pi'' | ||
| − | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | # {{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug11}}Restall et al. 2006. Birds of Northern South America. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300124156 |
| − | # Morton & Stutchbury (2001): Behavioral Ecology of Tropical Birds. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-675556-6 | + | #Morton & Stutchbury (2001): Behavioral Ecology of Tropical Birds. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-675556-6 |
| − | # Ridgely and Tudor 2009. Field guide to the songbirds of South America - The Passerines. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-71979-8 | + | #Ridgely and Tudor 2009. Field guide to the songbirds of South America - The Passerines. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-71979-8 |
| − | Wikipedia | + | #Wikipedia |
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{GSearch|Cercomacra+tyrannina}} | {{GSearch|Cercomacra+tyrannina}} | ||
| + | |||
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Cercomacra]] | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Cercomacra]] | ||
Revision as of 22:56, 22 February 2012
- Cercomacra tyrannina
Identification
14.5cm
Male
- Grey to blackish upperparts
- Lower parts paler in some subspecies
- Two white wing bars
- Tiny white tip to tail
- Young males for the first year has a subdued plumage
Female
- Brown above
- Rufous-cinnamon below
Both sexes possess a white area on the back that is normally covered, but which can be revealed in territorial display.
Variation: subspecies varies in how dark the male is, from almost black to pale grey in Brazil. Subspecies saturatior which is very dark will show white fringes to feathers on the belly.
Similar species
Blackish Antbird overlaps in range in the Guianas; Jet Antbird in Panama
Distribution
From southeastern Mexico through Central America to Panama; in South America west of Andes to western Ecuador, in northern Colombia, and east of the andes in the lowlands north of Amazon river to The Guianas and Brazil.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
Four subspecies are recognized[1]:
- C. t. crepera:
- C. t. tyrannina:
- C. t. vicina:
- Eastern slope of Eastern Andes of northern Colombia and north-western Venezuela
- C. t. vicina:
- The Guianas and north-eastern Amazonian Brazil
Habitat
Wet forest.
Behaviour
Breeding
A deep, small cup shaped nest is built from plant material and dead leaves. The clutch consists of 2 white eggs with red brown spots. Both adults incubate and raise the young.
The youngsters will stay on their parents territory for almost a year, until the start of next breeding season, unless a vacancy appears in a nearby territory.
Diet
The diet includes insects.
Vocalisation
Call: whistled kick
Song: male - pu pu pe pi pi the female responds with juu-ut juu-ut juu-ut juu-ut juu-ut.
References
- Clements, JF. 2011. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to August 2011. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/downloadable-clements-checklist
Restall et al. 2006. Birds of Northern South America. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300124156
- Morton & Stutchbury (2001): Behavioral Ecology of Tropical Birds. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-675556-6
- Ridgely and Tudor 2009. Field guide to the songbirds of South America - The Passerines. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-71979-8
- Wikipedia
