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| − | [[Image:Crested_Lark.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|Chan|Chan}}<br> | + | [[Image:Crested_Lark.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo © by {{user|Chan|Chan}}<br />Cáceres, [[Spain]]]] |
| + | '''Includes Magreb Lark''' | ||
;[[:Category:Galerida|Galerida]] cristata | ;[[:Category:Galerida|Galerida]] cristata | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| + | 17–19 cm (6¾-7½ in) | ||
*Dark streaked grey upperparts | *Dark streaked grey upperparts | ||
*White underparts | *White underparts | ||
| Line 8: | Line 10: | ||
'''Flight''' outline shows broad rounded wings and a square tail. | '''Flight''' outline shows broad rounded wings and a square tail. | ||
====Similar Species==== | ====Similar Species==== | ||
| + | [[Image:26 26-7-12.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile<br />Photo © by {{user|Theo+Mamais|Theo Mamais}}<br />Thessaloniki, [[Greece]], July 2012]] | ||
[[Eurasian Skylark]] and in [[Iberia]] and [[Africa]] [[Thekla Lark]] | [[Eurasian Skylark]] and in [[Iberia]] and [[Africa]] [[Thekla Lark]] | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
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Rare vagrant to the [[British Isles]]. | Rare vagrant to the [[British Isles]]. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | + | [[Image:IMG 49581.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Magreb Lark, one of the last two subspecies<br />Photo © by {{user|orniodesigns|orniodesigns}}<br />[[Morocco]], June 2012]] | |
| − | ====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> | + | ====Subspecies==== |
| + | |||
| + | There are 38 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | ||
*''G. c. cristata'': Central [[Europe]] to [[Slovenia]], [[Belarus]], northern [[Hungary]], northern [[Ukraine]] | *''G. c. cristata'': Central [[Europe]] to [[Slovenia]], [[Belarus]], northern [[Hungary]], northern [[Ukraine]] | ||
*''G. c. pallida'': [[Iberian Peninsula]] | *''G. c. pallida'': [[Iberian Peninsula]] | ||
| Line 35: | Line 40: | ||
*''G. c. riggenbachi'': Western [[Morocco]] (Casablanca to Sous Valley) | *''G. c. riggenbachi'': Western [[Morocco]] (Casablanca to Sous Valley) | ||
*''G. c. carthaginis'': Coastal north-eastern [[Morocco]] to northern [[Tunisia]] (east to Sousse) | *''G. c. carthaginis'': Coastal north-eastern [[Morocco]] to northern [[Tunisia]] (east to Sousse) | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
*''G. c. balsaci'': Coastal [[Mauritania]] | *''G. c. balsaci'': Coastal [[Mauritania]] | ||
*''G. c. arenicola'': North-eastern [[Algeria|Algerian Sahara]] to southern [[Tunisia]] and north-western [[Libya]] | *''G. c. arenicola'': North-eastern [[Algeria|Algerian Sahara]] to southern [[Tunisia]] and north-western [[Libya]] | ||
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*''G. c. festae'': Coastal north-eastern [[Libya]] (Benghazi to Tobruq) | *''G. c. festae'': Coastal north-eastern [[Libya]] (Benghazi to Tobruq) | ||
*''G. c. brachyura'': North-eastern [[Libya]] to coastal northern [[Egypt]], northern [[Sinai]], northern [[Saudi Arabia]] and southern [[Iraq]] | *''G. c. brachyura'': North-eastern [[Libya]] to coastal northern [[Egypt]], northern [[Sinai]], northern [[Saudi Arabia]] and southern [[Iraq]] | ||
| + | [[Image:20090622HRK 5586b.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo © by {{user|CannonS2|CannonS2}}<br />[[Israel]], June 2009]] | ||
*''G. c. nigricans'': Northern [[Egypt]] (Nile Delta) | *''G. c. nigricans'': Northern [[Egypt]] (Nile Delta) | ||
*''G. c. maculata'': [[Egypt]] (Nile Valley from Cairo to Aswan and El Faiyum) | *''G. c. maculata'': [[Egypt]] (Nile Valley from Cairo to Aswan and El Faiyum) | ||
| Line 53: | Line 57: | ||
*''G. c. tardinata'': Southern [[Arabia]] | *''G. c. tardinata'': Southern [[Arabia]] | ||
*''G. c. chendoola'': Foothills of southern [[Kashmir]] to east [[Pakistan]], western and northern [[India]] and southern [[Nepal]] | *''G. c. chendoola'': Foothills of southern [[Kashmir]] to east [[Pakistan]], western and northern [[India]] and southern [[Nepal]] | ||
| + | *''G. c. randonii'': Hauts Plateaux of eastern [[Morocco]] and north-western [[Algeria]] | ||
| + | *''G. c. macrorhyncha'': Southern [[Morocco]] and north-western [[Algeria]] south of Atlas Saharien to west-central [[Mauritania]] | ||
| + | [[Image:33708AJ0 5752 800w.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo © by {{user|AJDH|AJDH}}<br />Badaan Farm, [[Bahrain]], March 2007]] | ||
| + | Subspecies ''macrorhyncha'' (and including ''randonii'') was formerly accepted as full species '''Maghreb Lark'''. | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Open, dry country and cultivated land. Breeds on railway lines, harbours and industrial sites. | Open, dry country and cultivated land. Breeds on railway lines, harbours and industrial sites. | ||
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Rather 'heavy' and flapping action with marked undulations. | Rather 'heavy' and flapping action with marked undulations. | ||
====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
| − | It is a ground nester | + | It is a ground nester. The clutch consists of 2-3 eggs. |
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
| − | The diet includes | + | The diet includes weed seeds and insects. |
====Vocalisation==== | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
The long flight song can be difficult to separate from [[Thekla Lark]] | The long flight song can be difficult to separate from [[Thekla Lark]] | ||
| − | + | {{ Audio|Galerida cristata (song).mp3 }} | |
| − | ''[[ | + | |
| + | {{ Audio|crested_lark_alok.mp3 }} | ||
| + | |||
| + | Recording © by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br /> | ||
| + | Dist. Gurgaon, Haryana, [[India]], Feb-2013<br /> | ||
| + | Long call containing a variety of notes given by an individual perched on an excavated-earth mound. | ||
| + | ==Gallery== | ||
| + | Click images to see larger version | ||
| + | <gallery> | ||
| + | Image:crested_lark_alok.JPG|Subspecies ''G. c. chendoola'' <br />© By {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br />Gurgaon Rural, [[India]], 12 February 2013 | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thOct22}}#{{Ref-GillDonskerRasmussen22V13.2}}#Collins Field Guide 5th Edition |
#Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6 | #Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6 | ||
#[http://birdforum.net/showthread.php?p=2059438 Birdforum thread] on habitat | #[http://birdforum.net/showthread.php?p=2059438 Birdforum thread] on habitat | ||
| Line 79: | Line 97: | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Galerida | + | {{GSearch|"Galerida cristata" {{!}} "Galerida macrorhynch" {{!}} "Crested Lark" {{!}} "Maghreb Lark"}} |
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | {{VSearch|"Galerida cristata" {{!}} "Galerida macrorhynch" {{!}} "Crested Lark" {{!}} "Maghreb Lark"}} | ||
| + | {{GS-checked}}1 | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
| − | + | <br /> | |
| + | |||
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Galerida]] [[Category:Bird Songs]][[Category:Videos]] | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Galerida]] [[Category:Bird Songs]][[Category:Videos]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:29, 13 August 2023
Includes Magreb Lark
- Galerida cristata
Identification
17–19 cm (6¾-7½ in)
- Dark streaked grey upperparts
- White underparts
- Long spiky erectile crest
- Reddish underwings
Flight outline shows broad rounded wings and a square tail.
Similar Species
Eurasian Skylark and in Iberia and Africa Thekla Lark
Distribution
Europe and Asia from Portugal to northeast China and eastern India; Africa to Niger.
Rare vagrant to the British Isles.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
There are 38 subspecies[1]:
- G. c. cristata: Central Europe to Slovenia, Belarus, northern Hungary, northern Ukraine
- G. c. pallida: Iberian Peninsula
- G. c. neumanni: Italy (Toscana south to Rome area)
- G. c. apuliae: Southern peninsular Italy and Sicily
- G. c. tenuirostris: Eastern Hungary and Romania to southern Russia and western Kazakhstan
- G. c. meridionalis: Southern Yugoslavia to mainland Greece, Ionian Islands, Crete and western Turkey
- G. c. caucasica: Eastern [[Aegean Islands, northern Turkey, southern Caucasus and western Transcaucasia
- G. c. subtaurica: Central Turkey to southern Transcaucasia, north-western Iran, western Turkmenistan and eastern Iraq
- G. c. cypriaca: Kárpathos, Rhodes and Cyprus
- G. c. zion: Southern Turkey, Syria, eastern Lebanon, and eastern Israel (south to Jerusalem)
- G. c. cinnamomina: Western Lebanon (west from Beirut) and north-western Israel (Mount Carmel and Haifa)
- G. c. magna: Southern Kazakhstan to eastern Mongolia and northern China (Inner Mongolia)
- G. c. leautungensis: Manchuria and north-eastern China
- G. c. coreensis: Korea
- G. c. iwanowi: Central Turkmenistan to Iran, Tadjikistan, Afghanistan and north-western Pakistan
- G. c. lynesi: Northern Kashmir (Gilgit Valley)
- G. c. kleinschmidti: North-western Morocco (east to Rif Mountains and south to Middle Atlas)
- G. c. riggenbachi: Western Morocco (Casablanca to Sous Valley)
- G. c. carthaginis: Coastal north-eastern Morocco to northern Tunisia (east to Sousse)
- G. c. balsaci: Coastal Mauritania
- G. c. arenicola: North-eastern Algerian Sahara to southern Tunisia and north-western Libya
- G. c. helenae: South-eastern Algeria and immediately adjacent south-western Libya
- G. c. festae: Coastal north-eastern Libya (Benghazi to Tobruq)
- G. c. brachyura: North-eastern Libya to coastal northern Egypt, northern Sinai, northern Saudi Arabia and southern Iraq
- G. c. nigricans: Northern Egypt (Nile Delta)
- G. c. maculata: Egypt (Nile Valley from Cairo to Aswan and El Faiyum)
- G. c. halfae: Egypt (Nile Valley south of Aswan) to extreme northern Sudan (Wadi Halfa)
- G. c. senegallensis: Southern Mauritania, Senegambia and Guinea-Bissau to Niger
- G. c. jordansi: Northern Niger (Aïr Mountains)
- G. c. alexanderi (zalingei): Northern Nigeria to western Sudan and north-eastern Zaire
- G. c. isabellina: Central Sudan (Kordofan to Nile Valley)
- G. c. altirostris: Eastern Sudan (east of Nile Valley) and Eritrea
- G. c. somaliensis: Northern Somalia, southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya
- G. c. tardinata: Southern Arabia
- G. c. chendoola: Foothills of southern Kashmir to east Pakistan, western and northern India and southern Nepal
- G. c. randonii: Hauts Plateaux of eastern Morocco and north-western Algeria
- G. c. macrorhyncha: Southern Morocco and north-western Algeria south of Atlas Saharien to west-central Mauritania
Subspecies macrorhyncha (and including randonii) was formerly accepted as full species Maghreb Lark.
Habitat
Open, dry country and cultivated land. Breeds on railway lines, harbours and industrial sites.
- Specifically for Iberia:
- Fine soils or sand
- Sand dunes, Dry saltmarsh edges and humanised habitats like farmland, dusty car parks and tracks.
- Percentage of woody vegetation cover usually very low and including substantial amount of bare ground. Can be near trees, these often Olive, Figs, Citrus, Carob or Almond.
- Often occurring in small niches of suitable habitats
Behaviour
Shuffling gait when feeding.
Flight
Rather 'heavy' and flapping action with marked undulations.
Breeding
It is a ground nester. The clutch consists of 2-3 eggs.
Diet
The diet includes weed seeds and insects.
Vocalisation
The long flight song can be difficult to separate from Thekla Lark
Recording © by Alok Tewari
Dist. Gurgaon, Haryana, India, Feb-2013
Long call containing a variety of notes given by an individual perched on an excavated-earth mound.
Gallery
Click images to see larger version
Subspecies G. c. chendoola
© By Alok Tewari
Gurgaon Rural, India, 12 February 2013
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Gill, F, D Donsker, and P Rasmussen (Eds). 2023. IOC World Bird List (v 13.2). Doi 10.14344/IOC.ML.13.2. http://www.worldbirdnames.org/
- Collins Field Guide 5th Edition
- Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6
- Birdforum thread on habitat
- Wikipedia
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Crested Lark. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 4 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Crested_Lark
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
