• Welcome to BirdForum, the internet's largest birding community with thousands of members from all over the world. The forums are dedicated to wild birds, birding, binoculars and equipment and all that goes with it.

    Please register for an account to take part in the discussions in the forum, post your pictures in the gallery and more.
ZEISS DTI thermal imaging cameras. For more discoveries at night, and during the day.

Difference between revisions of "Coal Tit" - BirdForum Opus

Page Discussion
View source History
(→‎External Links: Multiple GSearches combined)
 
(41 intermediate revisions by 12 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
;Periparus ater
+
[[Image:Coal Tit 36.jpg|thumb|550px|right|''P. a. ater''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Donald+Talbott|Donald Talbott}}<br />Ribcev-Laz Bohinj, [[Slovenia]], 5 September 2017]]
−
[[Image:Coal_Tit.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by Andy Bright]]
+
;[[:Category:Periparus|Periparus]] ater
 +
''Parus ater''<br />
 +
'''Includes: Black-crested Tit'''
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
−
The Coal Tit is 10–11.5 cm in length, and has a distinctive large white nape spot on its black head. The head, throat and neck of the adult are glossy blue-black, setting off the white on the nape and sides of the face; the white tips of the coverts show as a double wingbar. The underparts are white shading through buff to rufous on the flanks. The bill is black, the legs lead-coloured and irides dark brown.
+
[[Image:Coal_Tit.jpg|thumb|350px|right|''P. a. britannicus''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|IanF|IanF}}<br />Hetton Bogs, Co. Durham, [[UK]], 30 September 2007]]
 +
L. 10–12 cm (4-4¾ in) <br />
 +
'''Adult'''<br />
 +
*Large white nape spot
 +
*Black head
 +
*Glossy blue-black head, throat and neck
 +
*White on sides of face
 +
*Double wingbar: the only tit with this
 +
*White underparts with buff to rufous shading on flanks
 +
*Black bill
 +
*Lead-coloured legs
 +
*Dark brown eyes
 +
'''Immature'''<br />
 +
*Duller than adult
 +
*Black head with no sheen
 +
*White of nape and cheeks tinged with yellow
 +
====Similar Species====
 +
[[Great Tit]] is the most obvious candidate for confusion in [[Europe]]
  
−
The young bird is duller than the adult, the black head having no sheen, and the white of the nape and cheeks is tinged with yellow.
+
==Distribution==
 +
[[Image:juv_coal_tit.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|HelenB|Helen Baines}}<br />Dodd Wood, [[Bassenthwaite Lake]], [[UK]],  23 July 2010]]
 +
[[Europe]] and [[British Isles]] to eastern [[Siberia]], [[Japan]], [[Korea]], [[China]], [[Taiwan]]. Southern limits include north [[Africa]], [[Caucasus]], the [[Himalayas]] and southern China. <br />
 +
Resident, but along with [[Blue Tit]] is the most mobile tit in autumn, northern populations in some years moving south in large numbers.
 +
==Taxonomy==
 +
Sometimes still referred to as ''Parus ater''.<br />
 +
====Subspecies====
 +
[[Image:Black-crested_Tit.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''p. a. melanolophus'' aka Black-crested Tit<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Rajiv+Lather|Rajiv Lather}}<br />Narkanda, [[India]], 17 August 2006]]
 +
There are 19 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
 +
*''P. a. hibernicus'': [[Ireland]] (except extreme north-eastern in County Down)
 +
*''P. a. britannicus'': [[Britain]] and north-eastern [[Ireland]]
 +
*''P. a. ater'': Continental [[Europe]] to [[Siberia]], [[Mongolia]], Sakhalin and north-eastern [[China]]
 +
*''P. a. vieirae'': Iberian Peninsula
 +
*''P. a. sardus'': [[Corsica]] and [[Sardinia]]
 +
*''P. a. pekinensis'': North-eastern [[China]] (southern Liaoning to Shaanxi and Shantung Peninsula)
 +
*''P. a. insularis'': Southern Kuril Islands, [[Japan]] and Cheju-Do Islands ([[Korea]])
 +
*''P. a. atlas'': Northern [[Morocco]]
 +
*''P. a. ledouci'': North [[Africa]] (northern [[Tunisia]] and northern [[Algeria]])
 +
*''P. a. cypriotes'': [[Cyprus]]
 +
*''P. a. moltchanovi'': Crimean Peninsula
 +
*''P. a. derjugini'': Mountains of north-eastern [[Turkey]], western [[Georgia]] and Black Sea coast of [[Russia]]
 +
*''P. a. michalowskii'': Caucasus and Transcaucasia
 +
*''P. a. phaeonotus'': southeastern [[Azerbaijan]], northern [[Iran]], and southwestern Turkmenistan; status in southwestern [[Iran]] (Zagros Mountains) unclear, perhaps only a rare nonbreeding visitor
 +
*''P. a. melanolophus'': In the coniferous forests from eastern [[Afghanistan]] to western [[Nepal]]
 +
*''P. a. rufipectus'': Kazakstan (Tien Shan Mountains) to north-western [[China]] (Xinjiang)
 +
*''P. a. aemodius'': Eastern [[Himalayas]] to north-eastern [[Myanmar]], [[Tibet]] and south-western [[China]]
 +
*''P. a. kuatunensis'': Montane forests of south-eastern [[China]] (Anhui, Fujian and Zhejiang)
 +
*''P. a. ptilosus'': Montane forests of [[Taiwan]]
  
 +
Subspecies ''P. a. melanolophus'' was formerly recognised as a full species, Black-crested Tit.
  
−
==Distribution==
 
−
Resident, but along with Blue Tit is the most mobile tit in autumn, N populations in some years moving south in large numbers.
 
−
==Taxonomy==
 
−
Periparus ater (often still Parus ater), is a passerine bird in the tit family Paridae.
 
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
 
Breeds mainly in conifer woods, often with some taller spruces; locally also in pine or mixed forest.  
 
Breeds mainly in conifer woods, often with some taller spruces; locally also in pine or mixed forest.  
−
 
 
==Behaviour==
 
==Behaviour==
−
Forages (for seeds, insects, spiders) much in top of trees and in outer branches. Nests in hole, sometimes among tree roots or in rock crevice.
+
====Diet====
 +
[[Image:Mar18-493Maroc.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''P. a. atlas''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|MTem|MTem}}<br />High Atlas, [[Morocco]], 15 March 2018]]
 +
Forages (for seeds, insects, spiders) in top of trees and in outer branches. The will also cache seeds in crevices<sup>[[#References|[3]]]</sup>.
 +
====Breeding====
 +
April to July. Nests in hole, sometimes among tree roots or in rock crevice. Readily uses nest boxes. The nest is made of moss, hair, fur and maybe feathers. The clutch consists of  7-9 white eggs with reddish-brown speckles. They are incubated for  around 2 weeks, fledging at 16-19 days. There may be a second brood.
 +
==References==
 +
[[Image:IMG 4384a 800.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Photo &copy; by {{user|gmorgan|gmorgan}}<br />[[The Lodge]], Sandy, [[Bedfordshire]], 24 February 2018]]
 +
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug18}}#[https://www.birdwatching.co.uk/ Bird Watching]
 +
#[http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?p=1974144#post1974144 Birdforum thread]
 +
#Brazil, M.A. (1991) The Birds of Japan. Smithsonian Inst. Press.
 +
#Gosler, A. & Clement, P. (2019). Coal Tit (''Periparus ater''). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/59874 on 11 April 2019).
 +
#Harrap, S. & Quinn, D. (1995) Chickadees, Tits, Nuthatches and Treecreepers. Princeton Univ. Press.
 +
{{ref}}
  
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
−
*[http://www.birdforum.net/pp_gallery/showgallery.php/cat/all/si/Parus%20ater/page/1/sort/1/perpage/12/what/allfields View more images of Coal Tit in the gallery]
+
{{GSearch|"Periparus ater" {{!}} "Parus ater" {{!}} "Coal Tit"}}
−
[[Category:Birds]]
+
{{GS-checked}}
 +
<br />
 +
<br />
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Periparus]]

Latest revision as of 21:55, 23 November 2022

P. a. ater
Photo © by Donald Talbott
Ribcev-Laz Bohinj, Slovenia, 5 September 2017
Periparus ater

Parus ater
Includes: Black-crested Tit

Identification

P. a. britannicus
Photo © by IanF
Hetton Bogs, Co. Durham, UK, 30 September 2007

L. 10–12 cm (4-4¾ in)
Adult

  • Large white nape spot
  • Black head
  • Glossy blue-black head, throat and neck
  • White on sides of face
  • Double wingbar: the only tit with this
  • White underparts with buff to rufous shading on flanks
  • Black bill
  • Lead-coloured legs
  • Dark brown eyes

Immature

  • Duller than adult
  • Black head with no sheen
  • White of nape and cheeks tinged with yellow

Similar Species

Great Tit is the most obvious candidate for confusion in Europe

Distribution

Juvenile
Photo © by Helen Baines
Dodd Wood, Bassenthwaite Lake, UK, 23 July 2010

Europe and British Isles to eastern Siberia, Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan. Southern limits include north Africa, Caucasus, the Himalayas and southern China.
Resident, but along with Blue Tit is the most mobile tit in autumn, northern populations in some years moving south in large numbers.

Taxonomy

Sometimes still referred to as Parus ater.

Subspecies

Subspecies p. a. melanolophus aka Black-crested Tit
Photo © by Rajiv Lather
Narkanda, India, 17 August 2006

There are 19 subspecies[1]:

  • P. a. hibernicus: Ireland (except extreme north-eastern in County Down)
  • P. a. britannicus: Britain and north-eastern Ireland
  • P. a. ater: Continental Europe to Siberia, Mongolia, Sakhalin and north-eastern China
  • P. a. vieirae: Iberian Peninsula
  • P. a. sardus: Corsica and Sardinia
  • P. a. pekinensis: North-eastern China (southern Liaoning to Shaanxi and Shantung Peninsula)
  • P. a. insularis: Southern Kuril Islands, Japan and Cheju-Do Islands (Korea)
  • P. a. atlas: Northern Morocco
  • P. a. ledouci: North Africa (northern Tunisia and northern Algeria)
  • P. a. cypriotes: Cyprus
  • P. a. moltchanovi: Crimean Peninsula
  • P. a. derjugini: Mountains of north-eastern Turkey, western Georgia and Black Sea coast of Russia
  • P. a. michalowskii: Caucasus and Transcaucasia
  • P. a. phaeonotus: southeastern Azerbaijan, northern Iran, and southwestern Turkmenistan; status in southwestern Iran (Zagros Mountains) unclear, perhaps only a rare nonbreeding visitor
  • P. a. melanolophus: In the coniferous forests from eastern Afghanistan to western Nepal
  • P. a. rufipectus: Kazakstan (Tien Shan Mountains) to north-western China (Xinjiang)
  • P. a. aemodius: Eastern Himalayas to north-eastern Myanmar, Tibet and south-western China
  • P. a. kuatunensis: Montane forests of south-eastern China (Anhui, Fujian and Zhejiang)
  • P. a. ptilosus: Montane forests of Taiwan

Subspecies P. a. melanolophus was formerly recognised as a full species, Black-crested Tit.

Habitat

Breeds mainly in conifer woods, often with some taller spruces; locally also in pine or mixed forest.

Behaviour

Diet

Subspecies P. a. atlas
Photo © by MTem
High Atlas, Morocco, 15 March 2018

Forages (for seeds, insects, spiders) in top of trees and in outer branches. The will also cache seeds in crevices[3].

Breeding

April to July. Nests in hole, sometimes among tree roots or in rock crevice. Readily uses nest boxes. The nest is made of moss, hair, fur and maybe feathers. The clutch consists of 7-9 white eggs with reddish-brown speckles. They are incubated for around 2 weeks, fledging at 16-19 days. There may be a second brood.

References

Photo © by gmorgan
The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, 24 February 2018
  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2018. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2018. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Bird Watching
  3. Birdforum thread
  4. Brazil, M.A. (1991) The Birds of Japan. Smithsonian Inst. Press.
  5. Gosler, A. & Clement, P. (2019). Coal Tit (Periparus ater). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/59874 on 11 April 2019).
  6. Harrap, S. & Quinn, D. (1995) Chickadees, Tits, Nuthatches and Treecreepers. Princeton Univ. Press.

Recommended Citation

External Links

GSearch checked for 2020 platform.

Retrieved from ‘https://www.birdforum.net/wiki/index.php?title=Coal_Tit&oldid=261127’
Back
Top