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'''Alternative names: Red-headed Tit; Black-throated Bushtit''' | '''Alternative names: Red-headed Tit; Black-throated Bushtit''' | ||
+ | [[Image:Black-throated_Tit_Alok.JPG|thumb|550px|right|Subspecies ''A. c. iredalai''<br />Photo © by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br />Ranikhet, Altitude 6500 feet, Uttarakhand, [[Himalayas]], [[India]], 31 October 2022]] | ||
+ | ;[[:Category:Aegithalos|Aegithalos]] concinnus | ||
'''Includes: Grey-Crowned Tit''' | '''Includes: Grey-Crowned Tit''' | ||
− | |||
− | |||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
− | + | [[Image:13A2378 Gray-Crowned Tit Vietnam April 2018-2.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''annamensis''<br />Photo © by {{user|Michael+Hooper|Michael Hooper}}<br />Dalat, [[Vietnam]], April 2018]] | |
+ | 10·5 cm (4 in)<br /> | ||
A widespread and common long-tailed tit with marked geographical variation.<br /> | A widespread and common long-tailed tit with marked geographical variation.<br /> | ||
''Iredalai''-group: | ''Iredalai''-group: | ||
* Rufous crown | * Rufous crown | ||
* Black throat-patch below white chin | * Black throat-patch below white chin | ||
− | * Small whitish supercilium | + | * Small whitish [[Topography#Heads|supercilium]] |
* Cool grey above | * Cool grey above | ||
* Whitish below with rufescent flanks | * Whitish below with rufescent flanks | ||
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* ''pulchellus'' with grey crown, others with rufous crown | * ''pulchellus'' with grey crown, others with rufous crown | ||
The sexes are similar, juveniles have paler caps. | The sexes are similar, juveniles have paler caps. | ||
+ | [[Image:Black-throated_Tit_2_Alok.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Fledglings : black on throat is yet to appear<br />Photo © by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br />Sattal Forest, Altitude 5500 feet, Uttarakhand, [[Himalayas]], [[India]], 7 April 2023]] | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
{| cellpadding="5" | {| cellpadding="5" | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
− | [[Image: | + | [[Image:Black-throated_Tit.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''concinnus''<br />Photo © by {{user|MoonCake|MoonCake}}<br /> [[Taiwan]]]] |
+ | ====Subspecies==== | ||
Marked geographical variation. This species may represent an unresolved species swarm, further study is needed.<br /> | Marked geographical variation. This species may represent an unresolved species swarm, further study is needed.<br /> | ||
− | Six subspecies are recognized, forming three groups: | + | Six subspecies are recognized, forming three groups<sup>[[#References|[3]]]</sup>: |
*''iredalai''-group: | *''iredalai''-group: | ||
** ''A. c. iredalai'' from [[Pakistan]] east to northeast [[India]]. Some authors also accept ''rubricapillus'' in the central and eastern Himalayas. | ** ''A. c. iredalai'' from [[Pakistan]] east to northeast [[India]]. Some authors also accept ''rubricapillus'' in the central and eastern Himalayas. | ||
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Very gregarious foraging usually in flocks of up to 40 birds. Often joins mixed-species parties. | Very gregarious foraging usually in flocks of up to 40 birds. Often joins mixed-species parties. | ||
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
+ | [[Image:Black Throated Bushtit 3.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Photo © by {{user|Bananafishbones|Bananafishbones}}<br />[[Taiwan]], March 2019]] | ||
Feeds on insects. Also known to take small seeds and fruits. | Feeds on insects. Also known to take small seeds and fruits. | ||
====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
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''Psip-psip'' notes and a ''chrr-chrr, trr-trr''.<br /> | ''Psip-psip'' notes and a ''chrr-chrr, trr-trr''.<br /> | ||
The recording here gives summer song.<br /> | The recording here gives summer song.<br /> | ||
− | + | {{ Audio|black-throated_tit_alok.mp3 }} | |
− | + | ||
Recording by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br /> | Recording by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br /> | ||
Sat Tal Forest, Alt. 5500 ft above MSL, Uttarakhand Himalayas, [[India]], April-2017 | Sat Tal Forest, Alt. 5500 ft above MSL, Uttarakhand Himalayas, [[India]], April-2017 | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
− | # {{Ref-HBWVol13}}# {{Ref-RasmussenAnderton05}} | + | #{{Ref-HBWVol13}}#{{Ref-RasmussenAnderton05}}#{{Ref-Clements6thAug19}} |
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
− | {{GSearch|Aegithalos | + | {{GSearch|"Aegithalos concinnus" {{!}} "Black-throated Tit" {{!}} "Red-headed Tit" {{!}} "Black-throated Bushtit"}} |
− | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Aegithalos]] [[Category: Maps]][[Category:Bird Songs]] | + | <br /> |
+ | {{VSearch|"Black-throated Tit" {{!}} "Black-throated Tit"}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{GS-checked}} | ||
+ | {{GS-checked}} | ||
+ | <br /> | ||
+ | <br /> | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Aegithalos]] [[Category: Maps]][[Category:Videos]][[Category:Bird Songs]] |
Latest revision as of 18:13, 25 April 2023
Alternative names: Red-headed Tit; Black-throated Bushtit
- Aegithalos concinnus
Includes: Grey-Crowned Tit
Identification
10·5 cm (4 in)
A widespread and common long-tailed tit with marked geographical variation.
Iredalai-group:
- Rufous crown
- Black throat-patch below white chin
- Small whitish supercilium
- Cool grey above
- Whitish below with rufescent flanks
- Pale yellow iris
Annamensis-group:
- Crown grey
- No whitish supercilium, generally less white on head
- Greyish-white below
Concinnus-group:
- Chestnut flanks
- Chestnut lower breast band
- Whitish central belly
- pulchellus with grey crown, others with rufous crown
The sexes are similar, juveniles have paler caps.
Distribution
Found from northern Pakistan east along the Himalayas to India, Nepal, Bhutan and northeast India. Also in northwest Burma, northwest Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and much of southern China, including Hainan and in Taiwan. | |
Legend • iredalai-group; year-round |
Taxonomy
Subspecies
Marked geographical variation. This species may represent an unresolved species swarm, further study is needed.
Six subspecies are recognized, forming three groups[3]:
- iredalai-group:
- annamensis-group:
- nominate-group:
Habitat
Broadleaved (especially oak) and mixed forest up to 2700m, but also recorded higher up.
Behaviour
This species is mostly resident. Some erratic and altitudinal movements are known.
Very gregarious foraging usually in flocks of up to 40 birds. Often joins mixed-species parties.
Diet
Feeds on insects. Also known to take small seeds and fruits.
Breeding
Breeding season from February to May in China, March to May in the Himalayas. Single-brooded, sometimes with helpers. The nest is an oval ball made from lichen and moss, bound together with spider webs. It's placed in a fork up to 3m high or woven around twigs. 3 - 6 white or pale pink eggs are laid.
Vocalisation
Psip-psip notes and a chrr-chrr, trr-trr.
The recording here gives summer song.
Recording by Alok Tewari
Sat Tal Forest, Alt. 5500 ft above MSL, Uttarakhand Himalayas, India, April-2017
References
- Del Hoyo, J, A Elliott, and D Christie, eds. 2008. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 13: Penduline-tits to Shrikes. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8496553453
- Rasmussen, PC and JC Anderton. 2005. Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8487334672
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Black-throated Tit. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 13 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Black-throated_Tit
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.