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[[Image:12091.JPG|thumb|550px|right|Subspecies ''ochrocephala''<br />Photo © by {{user|Bananafishbones|Dave Bancroft}}<br />Hato Pinero, [[Venezuela]], 9 March 2012]] | [[Image:12091.JPG|thumb|550px|right|Subspecies ''ochrocephala''<br />Photo © by {{user|Bananafishbones|Dave Bancroft}}<br />Hato Pinero, [[Venezuela]], 9 March 2012]] | ||
| − | '''Alternative name: Yellow-crowned | + | '''Alternative name: Yellow-crowned Parrot'''<br />It has also in the past been known as [[Yellow-fronted Parrot]], however, that name is now used for a species from [[Africa]]. |
;[[: Category:Amazona|Amazona]] ochrocephala | ;[[: Category:Amazona|Amazona]] ochrocephala | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
35–38 cm (13¾-15 in); wing length 198-220 mm (8-8.5ins) <br /> | 35–38 cm (13¾-15 in); wing length 198-220 mm (8-8.5ins) <br /> | ||
| − | This is an overall green parrot with a yellow forehead. There is a conspicuous white eye-ring and the bend of the wing plus the wing speculum are red. The feathers to the nape are faintly edged blackish and the thighs have a hint of yellow. The tail is green with a greenish-yellow tip and the base to the outer tail feathers is red. The bill is grey with reddish sides to the upper mandible and the feet are grey. | + | This is an overall green parrot with a yellow forehead. There is a conspicuous white eye-ring and the bend of the wing plus the wing speculum are red. The feathers to the nape are faintly edged blackish and the thighs have a hint of yellow. The tail is green with a greenish-yellow tip (more visible on the underside than the upperside of the tail) and the base to the outer tail feathers is red. The bill is grey with reddish sides to the upper mandible and the feet are grey. |
| + | ====Similar species==== | ||
| + | At least in some areas, a bird seen from below may show the white eye ring but not the yellow crown. In such circumstances, [[Mealy Amazon]] would be a confusion species, and size judgment may be necessary (and we know how difficult it is to get size right!). | ||
====Geographical variation==== | ====Geographical variation==== | ||
[[Image:1-1-DSC01391-2.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''panamensis'' <br />Photo © by {{user|max1|max1}}<br />Cartagena, [[Colombia]], 13 February 2016]] | [[Image:1-1-DSC01391-2.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''panamensis'' <br />Photo © by {{user|max1|max1}}<br />Cartagena, [[Colombia]], 13 February 2016]] | ||
| − | The Yellow-crowned in [[Panama]], northwestern and western [[Colombia]] has the yellow restricted to forehead and forecrown; [[Topography#Heads|lores]] and area around eyes green; back of crown tinged with blue; thighs green, a few birds with yellowish tinge. | + | The Yellow-crowned (''panamensis'') in [[Panama]], northwestern and western [[Colombia]] has the yellow restricted to forehead and forecrown; [[Topography#Heads|lores]] and area around eyes green; back of crown tinged with blue; thighs green, a few birds with yellowish tinge. |
| − | + | ||
| − | The Yellow-crowned found in southern [[Colombia]] and [[Ecuador]] has a broad green frontal band, cheeks, ear-[[Topography#General Anatomy|coverts]] and throat in most birds strongly suffused with blue; green to breast and abdomen varies from yellowish-green to bluish-green; red bend of wing often mixed with yellow; upper mandible grey with yellowish to pinkish sides. | + | The nominate subspecies in most of northern [[South America]] is between this and the following form. |
| + | |||
| + | The Yellow-crowned (''xantholaema'') in Ilha de Marajó (off northern Brazil), has the most yellow in the head, it extends to eye area, cheeks and ear-coverts; occasionally scattered yellow feathers to throat and back of head; red bend of wing often with scattered yellow feathers; throat and abdomen with slight bluish tinge. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The Yellow-crowned (''nattereri'')found in southern [[Colombia]] and [[Ecuador]] has a broad green frontal band, cheeks, ear-[[Topography#General Anatomy|coverts]] and throat in most birds strongly suffused with blue; green to breast and abdomen varies from yellowish-green to bluish-green; red bend of wing often mixed with yellow; upper mandible grey with yellowish to pinkish sides. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
[[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]]:<br /> | [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]]:<br /> | ||
| Line 16: | Line 22: | ||
Released and escaped pets can be found in many countries, sometimes in feral populations. | Released and escaped pets can be found in many countries, sometimes in feral populations. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | Formerly lumped with [[Yellow-headed | + | Formerly lumped with [[Yellow-headed Amazon]] and [[Yellow-naped Amazon]] and still included with them by some authors. |
====Subspecies==== | ====Subspecies==== | ||
[[Image:Yellow-crownedParrotIMG 5668.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''nattereri'' <br />Photo © by {{user|jmorlan|Joseph Morlan}}<br />Rio Ucayali, Zapote Creek, Loreto, [[Peru]], 13 February 2016]] | [[Image:Yellow-crownedParrotIMG 5668.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''nattereri'' <br />Photo © by {{user|jmorlan|Joseph Morlan}}<br />Rio Ucayali, Zapote Creek, Loreto, [[Peru]], 13 February 2016]] | ||
| − | + | Clements recognizes these subspecies[[#References|[1]]]: | |
*''A. o. panamensis'': | *''A. o. panamensis'': | ||
:*Pearl Islands and western [[Panama]] to north-western [[Colombia]] | :*Pearl Islands and western [[Panama]] to north-western [[Colombia]] | ||
| Line 43: | Line 49: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thOct24}}#{{Ref-GillDonskerRasmussen24V14.2}}#[https://avibase.ca/45BCA1AA Avibase] |
#Collar, N., P. F. D. Boesman, and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.ywcpar.01 | #Collar, N., P. F. D. Boesman, and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.ywcpar.01 | ||
#Wikipedia contributors. (2019, July 4). Yellow-crowned amazon. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:10, July 18, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yellow-crowned_amazon&oldid=904744128 | #Wikipedia contributors. (2019, July 4). Yellow-crowned amazon. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:10, July 18, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yellow-crowned_amazon&oldid=904744128 | ||
| Line 51: | Line 57: | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Amazona | + | {{GSearch|"Amazona ochrocephala" {{!}} "Yellow-crowned Parrot"}} |
| + | {{GS-checked}}1<br /><br /> | ||
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Amazona]] | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Amazona]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:48, 12 March 2025
Alternative name: Yellow-crowned Parrot
It has also in the past been known as Yellow-fronted Parrot, however, that name is now used for a species from Africa.
- Amazona ochrocephala
Identification
35–38 cm (13¾-15 in); wing length 198-220 mm (8-8.5ins)
This is an overall green parrot with a yellow forehead. There is a conspicuous white eye-ring and the bend of the wing plus the wing speculum are red. The feathers to the nape are faintly edged blackish and the thighs have a hint of yellow. The tail is green with a greenish-yellow tip (more visible on the underside than the upperside of the tail) and the base to the outer tail feathers is red. The bill is grey with reddish sides to the upper mandible and the feet are grey.
Similar species
At least in some areas, a bird seen from below may show the white eye ring but not the yellow crown. In such circumstances, Mealy Amazon would be a confusion species, and size judgment may be necessary (and we know how difficult it is to get size right!).
Geographical variation
The Yellow-crowned (panamensis) in Panama, northwestern and western Colombia has the yellow restricted to forehead and forecrown; lores and area around eyes green; back of crown tinged with blue; thighs green, a few birds with yellowish tinge.
The nominate subspecies in most of northern South America is between this and the following form.
The Yellow-crowned (xantholaema) in Ilha de Marajó (off northern Brazil), has the most yellow in the head, it extends to eye area, cheeks and ear-coverts; occasionally scattered yellow feathers to throat and back of head; red bend of wing often with scattered yellow feathers; throat and abdomen with slight bluish tinge.
The Yellow-crowned (nattereri)found in southern Colombia and Ecuador has a broad green frontal band, cheeks, ear-coverts and throat in most birds strongly suffused with blue; green to breast and abdomen varies from yellowish-green to bluish-green; red bend of wing often mixed with yellow; upper mandible grey with yellowish to pinkish sides.
Distribution
Central and South America:
Central America: occurs only Panama
South America: found in Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil
Released and escaped pets can be found in many countries, sometimes in feral populations.
Taxonomy
Formerly lumped with Yellow-headed Amazon and Yellow-naped Amazon and still included with them by some authors.
Subspecies
Photo © by Joseph Morlan
Rio Ucayali, Zapote Creek, Loreto, Peru, 13 February 2016
Clements recognizes these subspecies[1]:
- A. o. panamensis:
- A. o. ochrocephala:
- A. o. xantholaema
- Ilha de Marajó (off northern Brazil)
- A. o. nattereri:
Habitat
Forest, tropical deciduous woodland, mangroves, seasonally flooded woodland, savanna and may also be found on cultivated land and suburban areas.
Behaviour
Diet
The diet includes fruits, tree flowers, nuts, seeds and berries.
Breding
The breed from December-January in western Panama and Colombia; January in Surinam; February–May in north-eastern Venezuela; They nest in a hollow in a tree, palm or termite moount. The clutch consists of 2-3 eggs which are incubated for about 26 days; the young fledge about 60 days later.
Vocalisation
Common calls include a variety of low-pitched, nasal, rolling barks and screeches.
Movements
Mostly resident with occasionally wandering in search of food.
References
- Clements, J. F., P. C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, M. Smith, and C. L. Wood. 2024. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2024. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Gill, F, D Donsker, and P Rasmussen (Eds). 2024. IOC World Bird List (v 14.2). Doi 10.14344/IOC.ML.14.2. http://www.worldbirdnames.org/
- Avibase
- Collar, N., P. F. D. Boesman, and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.ywcpar.01
- Wikipedia contributors. (2019, July 4). Yellow-crowned amazon. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:10, July 18, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yellow-crowned_amazon&oldid=904744128
- Juniper, T., & Parr, M. (1998). Parrots: A guide to parrots of the world. Yale Univ. Press.
- Schulenberg, T. S. & Stotz, D. F. & Lane, D. F. & O'Neill, J. P. & Parker III, T. A. & Egg, A. B. (2010). Birds of Peru: Revised and Updated Edition. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691130231
- Ayerbe Quiñones, F. 2019. An illustrated field guide to The Birds of Colombia. Wildlife Conservation Society/Colombia Program. ISBN: 978-958-5461-41-3
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2025) Yellow-crowned Amazon. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 25 April 2025 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Yellow-crowned_Amazon
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
