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| + | [[Image:Thick-billed_Euphoniaa.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Male, ''E.l. crassirostris''<br />Photo © by {{user|michha62|michha62}}<br />El Valle, [[Panama]], December 2009]] | ||
;[[:Category:Euphonia|Euphonia]] laniirostris | ;[[:Category:Euphonia|Euphonia]] laniirostris | ||
| − | [[Image: | + | ==Identification== |
| − | + | [[Image:7035DSC0973.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo © by {{user|juninho|juninho}}<br />Inca Pueblo Hotel, Machu Picchu, [[Peru]], 20 October 2005]] | |
| + | 4" (10 cm)<br /> | ||
| + | Male: Dark blue with solid yellow underparts and yellow on forecrown to the rear of eye or beyond; black on side of head, the blue areas can also look black in bad light. | ||
| + | <br /> Female olive above, yellow below, with olive wash on breast. Thicker bill than other euphonias but hardly noticeable in the field. Legs dark on both sexes. <br />Immature male develops dark in the head before changing color of back. | ||
| + | '''Variation''': in subspecies ''crassirostris'' the entire crown of the male is yellow; in subspecies ''melanura'' the yellow areas of the male shows a more orange color | ||
| − | == | + | ====Similar species==== |
| − | + | All members of genus ''[[:Category:Euphonia|Euphonia]]'', but especially those which have yellowish underside and lack dark throat such as [[Yellow-throated Euphonia]] or [[Violaceous Euphonia]] | |
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | Costa Rica | + | [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]]: |
| + | '''Central America: found in [[Costa Rica]] and [[Panama]]<br /> | ||
| + | '''South America''': [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], [[Ecuador]], [[Peru]], [[Bolivia]], and [[Brazil]]. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| + | ====Subspecies==== | ||
| + | Five subspecies are recognized<sup>[[#References|1]]</sup>: | ||
| + | *''E.l. crassirostris'': | ||
| + | :*[[Costa Rica]] to northern [[Colombia]] and northern [[Venezuela]] | ||
| + | *''E.l. melanura'': | ||
| + | :*East Colombia to eastern [[Ecuador]], northern [[Peru]] and western Amazonian [[Brazil]] | ||
| + | *''E.l. hypoxantha'': | ||
| + | :*West Ecuador and north-western Peru | ||
| + | *''E.l. zopholega'': | ||
| + | :*Tropical east-central Peru (Junín and Cuzco) | ||
| + | *''E.l. laniirostris'': | ||
| + | :*East [[Bolivia]] and adjacent south-western Brazil | ||
| + | |||
| + | Clements checklist states that the first two subspecies (Black-tailed) are recognizably different from the rest (the true Thick-billed). | ||
| + | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| − | Shrubby areas and forest edges. | + | Shrubby areas and forest edges in lowlands to lower foothills. In many areas described as occurring below 1200 m, but in Ecuador seems to go as high as 2100 m. |
| + | |||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| + | Mostly in small flocks often seen feeding on mistletoe. | ||
| + | <gallery> | ||
| + | Image:Thick-billed_Euphonia_imm_male_by_olivewarbler.JPG|Immature male<br />Photo © by {{user|olivewarbler|olivewarbler}}<br /> Montenegro, Quindío, [[Colombia]], 28 March 2010 | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | Image:Thick-billed_Euphonia_male_by_Pantanal1.jpg|Male of a form with orangey underside<br />Photo © by {{user|Pantanal1|Pantanal1}}<br /> Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, [[Brazil]] | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | Image:Thick-billed Euphonia Euphonia laniirostris melanura.jpeg|Photo © by {{User|Stanley+Jones|Stanley Jones}}<br />North of Tarapoto, San Martín, [[Peru]], December 2016 | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | #{{Ref-Clements6thOct23}}# Ridgely & Gwynne 1989. Birds of Panama. Princeton Paperbacks. ISBN 0691025126 | ||
| + | # Restall et al. 2006. Birds of Northern South America. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300124156 | ||
| + | # Ber van Perlo. 2009. A field guide to the Birds of Brazil. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7 | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Euphonia | + | {{GSearch|"Euphonia laniirostris" {{!}} "Thick-billed Euphonia"}} |
| + | {{GS-checked}}1 | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| − | [[Category:Birds]][[Category: Euphonia]] | + | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Euphonia]] |
Latest revision as of 22:01, 31 January 2024
- Euphonia laniirostris
Identification
4" (10 cm)
Male: Dark blue with solid yellow underparts and yellow on forecrown to the rear of eye or beyond; black on side of head, the blue areas can also look black in bad light.
Female olive above, yellow below, with olive wash on breast. Thicker bill than other euphonias but hardly noticeable in the field. Legs dark on both sexes.
Immature male develops dark in the head before changing color of back.
Variation: in subspecies crassirostris the entire crown of the male is yellow; in subspecies melanura the yellow areas of the male shows a more orange color
Similar species
All members of genus Euphonia, but especially those which have yellowish underside and lack dark throat such as Yellow-throated Euphonia or Violaceous Euphonia
Distribution
Central and South America:
Central America: found in Costa Rica and Panama
South America: Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
Five subspecies are recognized1:
- E.l. crassirostris:
- Costa Rica to northern Colombia and northern Venezuela
- E.l. melanura:
- E.l. hypoxantha:
- West Ecuador and north-western Peru
- E.l. zopholega:
- Tropical east-central Peru (Junín and Cuzco)
- E.l. laniirostris:
- East Bolivia and adjacent south-western Brazil
Clements checklist states that the first two subspecies (Black-tailed) are recognizably different from the rest (the true Thick-billed).
Habitat
Shrubby areas and forest edges in lowlands to lower foothills. In many areas described as occurring below 1200 m, but in Ecuador seems to go as high as 2100 m.
Behaviour
Mostly in small flocks often seen feeding on mistletoe.
Immature male
Photo © by olivewarbler
Montenegro, Quindío, Colombia, 28 March 2010
Photo © by Stanley Jones
North of Tarapoto, San Martín, Peru, December 2016
References
- Clements, J. F., P. C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2023. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2023. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Ridgely & Gwynne 1989. Birds of Panama. Princeton Paperbacks. ISBN 0691025126
- Restall et al. 2006. Birds of Northern South America. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300124156
- Ber van Perlo. 2009. A field guide to the Birds of Brazil. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
