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| − | [[Image: | + | [[Image:Bullock's_Orioleb.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo © by {{user|bobsofpa|bobsofpa}}.<br> Location: Bosque Birdwatchers RV Park, San Antoni, [[New Mexico]].[[USA]]]] |
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;[[:Category:Icterus|Icterus]] bullockii | ;[[:Category:Icterus|Icterus]] bullockii | ||
| − | |||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | + | 19–23 cm (7½-9 in)<br /> | |
| − | + | '''Male''' | |
| + | *Deep orange | ||
| + | *Black wings, back, and tail tips | ||
| + | *White wing patches | ||
| + | *Black cap | ||
| + | *Black line through the eye | ||
| + | *Black throat patches<br /> | ||
| + | [[Image:Oriole Bullock s 2014-05-16 003a.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo © by {{user|ducbucln|ducbucln}}<br />Kelseyville, [[California]], May 2014]] | ||
| + | '''Female''' | ||
| + | *Grey-brown upper parts | ||
| + | *Yellow throat and breast | ||
| + | *Whitish underneath | ||
| + | *Two white wing bars<br /> | ||
| + | '''First-year male''': black throat and eye-line | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
Breeds from southern [[British Columbia]], southern [[Saskatchewan]], [[Montana]], and southwestern [[North Dakota]] south to western [[Texas]] and northern [[Mexico]]. Winters in [[Mexico]] south to [[Costa Rica]]. Accidental vagrant in the eastern [[United States]] and [[Venezuela]]. | Breeds from southern [[British Columbia]], southern [[Saskatchewan]], [[Montana]], and southwestern [[North Dakota]] south to western [[Texas]] and northern [[Mexico]]. Winters in [[Mexico]] south to [[Costa Rica]]. Accidental vagrant in the eastern [[United States]] and [[Venezuela]]. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | The Bullock's Oriole was once combined with the eastern counterpart [[Baltimore Oriole]] as a single species, the '''Northern Oriole''', because they began to interbreed on the Great Plains, when the two forms extended their ranges and met. | + | [[Image:Bullockfem 19082008 post.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile male<br />Photo © by {{user|digishooter|digishooter}}<br />Wofford Heights, Kern County, [[California]], [[USA]], August 2008]] |
| − | + | The Bullock's Oriole was once combined with the eastern counterpart [[Baltimore Oriole]] as a single species, the '''Northern Oriole''', because they began to interbreed on the Great Plains, when the two forms extended their ranges and met. This is in spite of these two forms not being each others closest relatives. | |
| + | ====Subspecies==== | ||
| + | Two subspecies are recognized<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | ||
| + | * ''I. b. bullockii'': | ||
| + | :*south-western [[Canada]] to northern [[Mexico]], migrates to north-western [[Costa Rica]] | ||
| + | * ''I. b. parvus'': | ||
| + | :*Extreme south-western [[USA]] to northern [[Baja California]] and north-western [[Sonora]], migrates to [[Guerrero]] | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| − | + | Riparian, creek willow and cottonwood, scrub and cactus, Chaparral, mixed oak and pine woodlands. | |
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| − | The diet includes insects, berries and nectar. | + | ====Diet==== |
| + | [[Image:Oriole Bullock s 2017-06-19 084.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Young male<br />Photo © by {{user|ducbucln|ducbucln}}<br />Kelseyville, [[California]], June 2017]] | ||
| + | The diet includes insects, berries and nectar. They will visit feeders and love grape jelly. | ||
| + | ====Breeding==== | ||
| + | The nest, located in a tree, is a pendulous basket, made from hair, twine, grass, and wool, lined with plant-down, hair, or feathers and suspended from a thin branch, overhanging over water. The 4 to 5 eggs are incubated by the female for about 11 days; the young fledge about 14 days later. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The male will tend to the young after they leave the nest. The female, when the conditions are conducive for it, will establish a second brood. This is an evolutionary adaptation that ensures, through greater numbers, that the probability of survival of the species is ensured. | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | Birdweb | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug21}}#Birdweb |
| − | + | #BirdForum Member observations | |
| + | #[http://birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=167241 Birdforum thread] discussing the Taxonomy of New World Orioles | ||
| + | #[http://birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=183247 Birdforum thread] discussing the hybridization in "Northern Orioles" | ||
| + | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Icterus | + | {{GSearch|"Icterus bullockii" {{!}} "Bullocks Oriole"}} |
| + | {{GS-checked}}1 | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Icterus]] | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Icterus]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:26, 8 April 2023
- Icterus bullockii
Identification
19–23 cm (7½-9 in)
Male
- Deep orange
- Black wings, back, and tail tips
- White wing patches
- Black cap
- Black line through the eye
- Black throat patches
Female
- Grey-brown upper parts
- Yellow throat and breast
- Whitish underneath
- Two white wing bars
First-year male: black throat and eye-line
Distribution
Breeds from southern British Columbia, southern Saskatchewan, Montana, and southwestern North Dakota south to western Texas and northern Mexico. Winters in Mexico south to Costa Rica. Accidental vagrant in the eastern United States and Venezuela.
Taxonomy
The Bullock's Oriole was once combined with the eastern counterpart Baltimore Oriole as a single species, the Northern Oriole, because they began to interbreed on the Great Plains, when the two forms extended their ranges and met. This is in spite of these two forms not being each others closest relatives.
Subspecies
Two subspecies are recognized[1]:
- I. b. bullockii:
- south-western Canada to northern Mexico, migrates to north-western Costa Rica
- I. b. parvus:
- Extreme south-western USA to northern Baja California and north-western Sonora, migrates to Guerrero
Habitat
Riparian, creek willow and cottonwood, scrub and cactus, Chaparral, mixed oak and pine woodlands.
Behaviour
Diet
The diet includes insects, berries and nectar. They will visit feeders and love grape jelly.
Breeding
The nest, located in a tree, is a pendulous basket, made from hair, twine, grass, and wool, lined with plant-down, hair, or feathers and suspended from a thin branch, overhanging over water. The 4 to 5 eggs are incubated by the female for about 11 days; the young fledge about 14 days later.
The male will tend to the young after they leave the nest. The female, when the conditions are conducive for it, will establish a second brood. This is an evolutionary adaptation that ensures, through greater numbers, that the probability of survival of the species is ensured.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Birdweb
- BirdForum Member observations
- Birdforum thread discussing the Taxonomy of New World Orioles
- Birdforum thread discussing the hybridization in "Northern Orioles"
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Bullock's Oriole. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 29 December 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Bullock%27s_Oriole
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
