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| − | [[Image:glossy_ibis_alok.JPG|thumb|550px|right|Breeding Plumage<br />Photo by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}} <br />Basai Wetlands, Dist. Gurgaon,Haryana, [[India]], July-2015]] | + | [[Image:glossy_ibis_alok.JPG|thumb|550px|right|Breeding Plumage<br />Photo © by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}} <br />Basai Wetlands, Dist. Gurgaon,Haryana, [[India]], July-2015]] |
;[[:Category:Plegadis|Plegadis]] falcinellus | ;[[:Category:Plegadis|Plegadis]] falcinellus | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| + | [[Image:Glossy_Ibis.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Transitional plumage<br />Photo © by {{user|Reini|Reini}} <br />El Rocio, [[Coto Doñana National Park|Doñana National Park]], [[Spain]]]] | ||
Length 48·5–66 cm (19-26 in), wingspan 88-105 cm, mass 530-768 g<br /> | Length 48·5–66 cm (19-26 in), wingspan 88-105 cm, mass 530-768 g<br /> | ||
Males larger than females<br /> | Males larger than females<br /> | ||
Bill brownish, long, thin, and evenly decurved; legs reddish-brown to olive-grey. | Bill brownish, long, thin, and evenly decurved; legs reddish-brown to olive-grey. | ||
| − | '''Breeding adult''': Body reddish-brown and wings glossy bottle-green. There is a | + | '''Breeding adult''': Body reddish-brown and wings glossy bottle-green. There is a narrow white to cobalt blue line around the base of the bill. |
'''Non-breeding adult and juvenile''': Body duller. | '''Non-breeding adult and juvenile''': Body duller. | ||
====Similar Species==== | ====Similar Species==== | ||
| − | In winter plumage, can be difficult to separate from [[White-faced Ibis]] (''P. chihi'') without close views. Best told by dark eyes and lores (red in White-faced) and narrow white stripes of even thickness above and below the lores (absent or uneven in winter plumaged White-faced). | + | In winter plumage, can be difficult to separate from [[White-faced Ibis]] (''P. chihi'') without close views. Best told by dark eyes and [[Topography#Heads|lores]] (red in White-faced) and narrow white stripes of even thickness above and below the lores (absent or uneven in winter plumaged White-faced). |
| − | |||
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==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | [[Image:765 Ibis, Glossy juv Plegadis falcinellus, AUSTRALIA.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile<br />Photo © by {{user|peterday|peterday}}<br />Fogg Dam, Kakadu, [[Australia]], May 2015 ]] | ||
This bird is found almost world-wide but they are uncommon in some places; they are listed as rare or vagrant in many places, such as [[Borneo]], [[Singapore]], etc. | This bird is found almost world-wide but they are uncommon in some places; they are listed as rare or vagrant in many places, such as [[Borneo]], [[Singapore]], etc. | ||
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==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| − | [[Image: | + | [[Image:PAL1126 0115GLOSSYIBIS.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo © by {{user|I4ani|I4ani}}<br />Valverde, [[Spain]], 2009 ]] |
Inhabit permanent wetlands including coastal lagoons and marshy lakeshores. | Inhabit permanent wetlands including coastal lagoons and marshy lakeshores. | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
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''[[Media:Plegadis falcinellus (song).mp3|Listen in an external program]]'' | ''[[Media:Plegadis falcinellus (song).mp3|Listen in an external program]]'' | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug17}}#{{Ref-Hockeyetal05}}#Wikipedia | |
| − | #{{Ref- | ||
#[http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=270351 Birdforum thread] discussing recovery of Spanish birds in the Caribbean | #[http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=270351 Birdforum thread] discussing recovery of Spanish birds in the Caribbean | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
Revision as of 23:39, 31 May 2018
- Plegadis falcinellus
Identification
Length 48·5–66 cm (19-26 in), wingspan 88-105 cm, mass 530-768 g
Males larger than females
Bill brownish, long, thin, and evenly decurved; legs reddish-brown to olive-grey.
Breeding adult: Body reddish-brown and wings glossy bottle-green. There is a narrow white to cobalt blue line around the base of the bill.
Non-breeding adult and juvenile: Body duller.
Similar Species
In winter plumage, can be difficult to separate from White-faced Ibis (P. chihi) without close views. Best told by dark eyes and lores (red in White-faced) and narrow white stripes of even thickness above and below the lores (absent or uneven in winter plumaged White-faced).
Distribution
This bird is found almost world-wide but they are uncommon in some places; they are listed as rare or vagrant in many places, such as Borneo, Singapore, etc.
There is evidence to suggest that some groups are migratory with palearctic individuals making their way to Africa to over-winter.
The population in North America has been spreading in recent years. Wintering birds are now turning up regularly in northern Central America, where they were not recorded previously. However, at least two ringing recoveries shows vagrants from Europe reaching the Caribbean.
Taxonomy
This is a monotypic species[1].
Habitat
Inhabit permanent wetlands including coastal lagoons and marshy lakeshores.
Behaviour
These birds are gregarious and may occur in large flocks containing hundreds of birds.
Diet
Food includes invertebrates, fish, frogs and small reptiles.
Breeding
The nest is a compact platform of twigs or reeds, about 30 cm diameter, usually in a tree which overhangs water. Nesting is colonial and often in mixed heronries. Two to four eggs are laid August to March (in southern Africa). Incubation is by both sexes and takes 20-23 days.
Vocalisation
<flashmp3>Plegadis falcinellus (song).mp3</flashmp3>
Listen in an external program
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017, with updates to August 2017. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Hockey, PAR, WRJ Dean, and PG Ryan, eds. 2005. Roberts' Birds of Southern Africa. 7th ed. Cape Town: John Voelcker Bird Book Fund. ISBN 978-0620340533
- Wikipedia
- Birdforum thread discussing recovery of Spanish birds in the Caribbean
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2025) Glossy Ibis. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 15 May 2025 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Glossy_Ibis
External Links
