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*''E.l. zopholega'' | *''E.l. zopholega'' | ||
*''E.l. laniirostris'' | *''E.l. laniirostris'' | ||
| + | Clements checklist states that the first two subspecies (Black-tailed) are recognizably different from the rest (the true Thick-billed). | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Revision as of 02:27, 26 July 2016
- Euphonia laniirostris
Identification
4" (10 cm). Male: Dark blue with solid yellow underparts and yellow on forecrown to the rear of eye or beyond; black on side of head, the blue areas can also look black in bad light.
Female olive above, yellow below, with olive wash on breast. Thicker bill than other euphonias but hardly noticeable in the field. Legs dark on both sexes.
Immature male develops dark in the head before changing color of back.
Variation: in subspecies crassirostris the entire crown of the male is yellow; in subspecies melanura the yellow areas of the male shows a more orange color
Similar species
All members of genus Euphonia, but especially those which have yellowish underside and lack dark throat such as Yellow-throated Euphonia or Violaceous Euphonia
Distribution
Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil.
Taxonomy
Five subspecies are recognized1:
- E.l. crassirostris
- E.l. melanura
- E.l. hypoxantha
- E.l. zopholega
- E.l. laniirostris
Clements checklist states that the first two subspecies (Black-tailed) are recognizably different from the rest (the true Thick-billed).
Habitat
Shrubby areas and forest edges in lowlands to lower foothills.
Behaviour
Mostly in small flocks often seen feeding on mistletoe.
Immature male. Photo by olivewarbler
Montenegro, Quindío, Colombia, March 2010
References
- Clements, JF. 2009. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2009. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019.
- Ridgely & Gwynne 1989. Birds of Panama. Princeton Paperbacks. ISBN 0691025126
- Restall et al. 2006. Birds of Northern South America. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300124156
- Ber van Perlo. 2009. A field guide to the Birds of Brazil. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7
