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Difference between revisions of "Saffron Finch" - BirdForum Opus

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(→‎External Links: Added variant English name.)
 
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[[Image:SaffronFinchCS.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Male<br />Photo by {{user|creaturesnapper|creaturesnapper}}<br />Puembo, [[Ecuador]], June 2018]]
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[[Image:SaffronFinchCS.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Male, subspecies ''S. f. valida''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|creaturesnapper|creaturesnapper}}<br />Puembo, [[Ecuador]], 18 June 2018]]
 
;[[: Category:Sicalis|Sicalis]] flaveola
 
;[[: Category:Sicalis|Sicalis]] flaveola
  
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'''Female''': Heavily streaked with edges of [[Topography#Wings|primaries]] and tail yellow.<br />
 
'''Female''': Heavily streaked with edges of [[Topography#Wings|primaries]] and tail yellow.<br />
 
'''Immature''': Same as female.
 
'''Immature''': Same as female.
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[[Image:Saffron Finch female .jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female, subspecies ''pelzelni''<br />Photo by {{user|Stanley+Jones|Stanley Jones}}<br />South Wild, Pantanal, south of Poconê, Mato Grosso, [[Brazil]], August 2015]]
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[[Image:Saffron Finch female .jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female, subspecies ''S. f. pelzelni''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Stanley+Jones|Stanley Jones}}<br />South Wild, Pantanal, south of Poconê, Mato Grosso, [[Brazil]], 5 August 2015]]
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====Variations====
 +
In northern subspecies such as nominate, the female resembles the male, but lacks orange coloration on the head.  Juveniles lightly streaked dorsally with yellowish patch on chest.
 +
 
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
 
[[South America]]: found from eastern [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], [[Guyana]], [[Ecuador]], [[Peru]], [[Bolivia]], north-eastern and south-eastern [[Brazil]], [[Paraguay]], [[Uruguay]], [[Chile]] and northern [[Argentina]]
 
[[South America]]: found from eastern [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], [[Guyana]], [[Ecuador]], [[Peru]], [[Bolivia]], north-eastern and south-eastern [[Brazil]], [[Paraguay]], [[Uruguay]], [[Chile]] and northern [[Argentina]]
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==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
 
====Subspecies====
 
====Subspecies====
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[[Image:Dabs - Saffron Finch juvenile .JPG|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile, nominate race<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|DABS|DABS}}<br />Mount Hope, [[Trinidad]], 25 November 2016]]
 
Four subspecies are recognized<sup>[[#References|1]]</sup>:
 
Four subspecies are recognized<sup>[[#References|1]]</sup>:
 
*''S. f. flaveola'':
 
*''S. f. flaveola'':
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*''S. f. valida'':
 
*''S. f. valida'':
 
:*Pacific lowlands of [[Ecuador]] to north-western [[Peru]] (Ancash)
 
:*Pacific lowlands of [[Ecuador]] to north-western [[Peru]] (Ancash)
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[[Image:Dabs - Saffron Finch juvenile .JPG|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile<br />Photo by {{user|DABS|DABS}}<br />Mount Hope, [[Trinidad]], November 2016]]
 
 
*''S. f. brasiliensis'':
 
*''S. f. brasiliensis'':
 
:Tropical north-eastern [[Brazil]] (Maranhão, Minas Gerais and São Paulo)
 
:Tropical north-eastern [[Brazil]] (Maranhão, Minas Gerais and São Paulo)
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:*East [[Bolivia]] to [[Paraguay]], south-eastern Brazil, [[Uruguay]] and northern [[Argentina]]
 
:*East [[Bolivia]] to [[Paraguay]], south-eastern Brazil, [[Uruguay]] and northern [[Argentina]]
  
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Some sources also recognize ''koenigi''<sup>[[#References|2]]</sup>.
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Some sources also recognize ''koenigi''<sup>[[#References|2]]</sup> merged with ''S. f. pelzelni'' here.
  
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
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Their main diet consists of seeds, with the addition of some arthropods. They feed on the ground, including town gardens.
 
Their main diet consists of seeds, with the addition of some arthropods. They feed on the ground, including town gardens.
 
====Breeding====
 
====Breeding====
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They are cavity nesters. The clutch consists of 3-5 eggs which are incubated by the female alone for 14 days. The young are fed by both parents and fledge at around 2 weeks old.  
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They are cavity nesters. The clutch consists of 3-5 eggs which are incubated by the female alone for 14 days. The young are fed by both parents and fledge at around 2 weeks old. See also the note under [http://www.birdforum.net/gallery/showphoto.php/photo/214292 this image].
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====Vocalisation====
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Song is a musical series of of chips and short whistles with notes modestly spaced. Call-note is loud and metallic. 
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====Movements====
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Sedentary.
  
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See also the note under this image: http://www.birdforum.net/gallery/showphoto.php/photo/214292
 
 
==References==
 
==References==
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#{{Ref-Clements6thAug17}}#Avibase
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#{{Ref-Clements6thAug19}}#[https://avibase.ca/A5AA0BEC Avibase]
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#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved November 2016)
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#Rising, J. & Jaramillo, A. (2020). Saffron Finch (''Sicalis flaveola''). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/62084 on 6 February 2020).
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#Pratt, H.D., Bruner, P., and Berrett, D.G. (1987) A Field Guide to the Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific. Princeton University Press.
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#Pyle, R.L., and P. Pyle. 2017. The Birds of the Hawaiian Islands: Occurrence, History, Distribution, and Status. B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, U.S.A. Version 2 (1 January 2017) http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/birds/rlp-monograph/
 +
#Saffron Finch (Sicalis flaveola), In Neotropical Birds Online (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. retrieved from Neotropical Birds Online: https://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/Species-Account/nb/species/saffin
 
{{ref}}
 
{{ref}}
 +
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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{{GSearch|Sicalis+flaveola}}
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{{GSearch|"Sicalis flaveola" {{!}} "Saffron Finch" {{!}} "Pelzeln's Finch" }}
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<br />
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{{GS-checked}}1
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{{Video|Saffron_Finch}}
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[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Sicalis]]
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[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Sicalis]] [[Category:Videos]]
 

Latest revision as of 04:12, 1 June 2023

Male, subspecies S. f. valida
Photo © by creaturesnapper
Puembo, Ecuador, 18 June 2018
Sicalis flaveola

Identification

Length 13·5–15 cm (5¼-6 in)
Male

  • Bright yellow overall plumage
  • Orange crown
  • Black edges to back and flight feathers
  • Dark eyes
  • Greyish-pink legs
  • Greyish-black upper mandible
  • Ivory lower mandible

Female: Heavily streaked with edges of primaries and tail yellow.
Immature: Same as female.

Female, subspecies S. f. pelzelni
Photo © by Stanley Jones
South Wild, Pantanal, south of Poconê, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 5 August 2015

Variations

In northern subspecies such as nominate, the female resembles the male, but lacks orange coloration on the head. Juveniles lightly streaked dorsally with yellowish patch on chest.

Distribution

South America: found from eastern Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, north-eastern and south-eastern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile and northern Argentina

This species has been introduced via the cage-bird trade to several other tropical areas (Panama, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, etc.).

Taxonomy

Subspecies

Juvenile, nominate race
Photo © by DABS
Mount Hope, Trinidad, 25 November 2016

Four subspecies are recognized1:

  • S. f. flaveola:
  • S. f. valida:
  • Pacific lowlands of Ecuador to north-western Peru (Ancash)
  • S. f. brasiliensis:
Tropical north-eastern Brazil (Maranhão, Minas Gerais and São Paulo)
  • S. f. pelzelni:

Some sources also recognize koenigi2 merged with S. f. pelzelni here.

Habitat

They use a wide variety of habitats, open lowlands with trees and shrubs. Towns, parks, farms. To 2100m.

Behaviour

Diet

Their main diet consists of seeds, with the addition of some arthropods. They feed on the ground, including town gardens.

Breeding

They are cavity nesters. The clutch consists of 3-5 eggs which are incubated by the female alone for 14 days. The young are fed by both parents and fledge at around 2 weeks old. See also the note under this image.

Vocalisation

Song is a musical series of of chips and short whistles with notes modestly spaced. Call-note is loud and metallic.

Movements

Sedentary.

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Avibase
  3. Rising, J. & Jaramillo, A. (2020). Saffron Finch (Sicalis flaveola). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/62084 on 6 February 2020).
  4. Pratt, H.D., Bruner, P., and Berrett, D.G. (1987) A Field Guide to the Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific. Princeton University Press.
  5. Pyle, R.L., and P. Pyle. 2017. The Birds of the Hawaiian Islands: Occurrence, History, Distribution, and Status. B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, U.S.A. Version 2 (1 January 2017) http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/birds/rlp-monograph/
  6. Saffron Finch (Sicalis flaveola), In Neotropical Birds Online (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. retrieved from Neotropical Birds Online: https://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/Species-Account/nb/species/saffin

Recommended Citation

External Links

GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1

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