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Difference between revisions of "Ruddy Duck" - BirdForum Opus

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(merged Andean Duck (only accepted by IOC))
(more details, better pics)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
[[Image:Ruddy_Duck.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Male<br />Photo by {{user|IanF|IanF}}<br />[[Cowpen Bewley Woodland Park]], Billingham, May 2004]]
+
[[Image:Oxyura jamaicensis male, Horicon.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Male<br />Photo by {{user|Oppie|Oppie}}<br />[[Horicon Marsh]], [[Wisconsin]], [[USA]]; May 2013]]
 
;[[:Category:Oxyura|Oxyura]] jamaicensis
 
;[[:Category:Oxyura|Oxyura]] jamaicensis
 
'''Includes: Andean Duck'''
 
'''Includes: Andean Duck'''
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
−
35–43 cm; a small diving duck. Compact body with large head and stiff tale give it a very distinctive shape.<br />
+
[[Image:Oxyura jamaicensis female, Tucson.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo by {{user|bobsofpa|bobsofpa}}<br />Sweetwater Wetlands, [[Tucson]], [[Arizona]], [[USA]]; ]]
 +
Length 35–43 cm, wingspan 53-62 cm, weight 310-800 g<br />
 +
A small diving duck. Compact body with large head and stiff tail often cocked up, give it a very distinctive shape. Wings plain dark brown in all ages and seasons.
 +
 
 +
'''Breeding male'''
 
*Striking blue bill
 
*Striking blue bill
−
*White cheeks
+
*Black head with white cheeks (except ''O. j. ferruginea'' usually with an all-black head)
−
*Dark brown head
+
*Red-brown body
−
*Red/brown body
+
 
−
*''ferruginea'' usually with an all black head
+
'''Non-breeding male'''
 +
*Grey-brown body
 +
*Head much as summer male but slightly duller
 +
*Unlike most ducks, the non-breeding 'eclipse' plumage is seen from late fall through winter to early spring, not late summer
 +
 
 
'''Female'''
 
'''Female'''
 
*Dull brown
 
*Dull brown
−
*Bold, pale cheek patches
+
*Striped dark brown and pale buff head pattern
 +
 
 +
'''Juvenile'''
 +
*Very similar to female; young males slowly gain white cheeks in first winter
  
−
[[Image:ruddyduck_female.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo by {{user|postcardcv|postcardcv}}]]
 
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
−
Native of [[North America|North]], [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]]; and the [[Caribbean]].
+
[[Image:Ruddy Duck juvenile Laguna Cartegena National Wildlife Refuge Puerto Rico.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Young male, starting to show white cheeks<br />Photo by {{user|Stanley+Jones|Stanley Jones}}<br />Laguna Cartagena NWR, [[Puerto Rico]], [[USA]], November 2012]]
 +
Native to [[North America|North]], [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]], and the [[Caribbean]].
  
 
Introduced to the [[UK]] and [[Europe]], where hybridisation with [[White-headed Duck]] is causing some concern.  
 
Introduced to the [[UK]] and [[Europe]], where hybridisation with [[White-headed Duck]] is causing some concern.  
  
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
−
IOC recognizes ''ferruginea'' as full species, '''Andean Duck'''.
+
Closely related to the other "stifftails" of the genus ''[[:Category:Oxyura|Oxyura]]''
 +
 
 
====Subspecies====
 
====Subspecies====
−
There are 3 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
+
Two to four subspecies are accepted<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[3]]]</sup>:
 +
*''O. j. rubida'':
 +
:*Breeds interior north-western [[North America]] (southwestern [[Canada]] to [[Mexico]]); northern populations migratory. Included in ''O. j. jamaicensis'' by some authorities<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>.
 
*''O. j. jamaicensis'':
 
*''O. j. jamaicensis'':
−
:*Interior north-western [[North America]] (south-western [[Canada]] to [[Mexico]]); [[West Indies]]
+
:*[[West Indies]], resident.
−
[[Image:Ruddy Duck juvenile Laguna Cartegena National Wildlife Refuge Puerto Rico.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile<br />Photo by {{user|Stanley+Jones|Stanley Jones}}<br />[[Laguna Cartagena National Wildlife Refuge]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[USA]], November 2012]]
 
 
*''O. j. andina'':
 
*''O. j. andina'':
−
:*Lakes and marshes of Central and Eastern Andes of [[Colombia]]
+
:*Lakes and marshes of Central and Eastern Andes of [[Colombia]]. Intermediate (possibly hybrid<sup>[[#References|[3]]]</sup>) between ''O. j. jamaicensis'' and ''O. j. ferruginea'', with cheeks patchy black.
 
* ''O. j. ferruginea'':
 
* ''O. j. ferruginea'':
−
:*Locally from Andes of south [[Colombia]] to south [[Argentina]] and south [[Chile]]
+
:*Locally from Andes of south [[Colombia]] to south [[Argentina]] and south [[Chile]]. Cheeks black. Split as full species '''Andean Duck''' ''O. ferruginea'' by some authorities<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>.
 +
[[Image:31912DSC 1417PSforum.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Male ''O. j. ferruginea''<br >Photo by {{user|Sussex+bird+man|Sussex bird man}}<br />Laguna Nimez, [[Argentina]], November 2006]]
 +
 
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
 
Marshes, ponds and lakes with areas of open water and emergent vegetation.
 
Marshes, ponds and lakes with areas of open water and emergent vegetation.
Line 38: Line 53:
 
It cocks the tail much of the time. Except when on the nest spends much time on open water or diving for food.  
 
It cocks the tail much of the time. Except when on the nest spends much time on open water or diving for food.  
 
====Diet====
 
====Diet====
 +
[[Image:Ruddy Duck 82 2642.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo by {{user|STEFFRO1|STEFFRO1}}<br />[[Huntington Beach State Park]], [[South Carolina]], December 2014]]
 
A diving duck.<br />
 
A diving duck.<br />
 
Their diet consists of aquatic insects, molluscs, crustaceans and worms. Also aquatic plant seeds.
 
Their diet consists of aquatic insects, molluscs, crustaceans and worms. Also aquatic plant seeds.
−
[[Image:Ruddy Duck 82 2642.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo by {{user|STEFFRO1|STEFFRO1}}<br />[[Huntington Beach State Park]], [[South Carolina]], December 2014]]
 
 
====Breeding====
 
====Breeding====
 
Breeding season varies through range, breeds all year in the tropics, April to August in the northern parts of its range.<br />
 
Breeding season varies through range, breeds all year in the tropics, April to August in the northern parts of its range.<br />
 
A seasonally [[Dictionary_M-O#M|monogamous]] species. The nest is a bowl made of dead vegetation on ground or on water, hidden in dense vegetation. Lays 6 to 10 eggs.
 
A seasonally [[Dictionary_M-O#M|monogamous]] species. The nest is a bowl made of dead vegetation on ground or on water, hidden in dense vegetation. Lays 6 to 10 eggs.
 
==References==
 
==References==
−
[[Image:31912DSC 1417PSforum.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Male ''ferruginea''<br >Photo by {{user|Sussex+bird+man|Sussex bird man}}<br />Laguna Nimez, [[Argentina]], November 2006]]
+
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug16}}#{{Ref-GillDonsker17V7.2}}#{{Ref-HBWVol1}}#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved December 2014)
−
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug16}}#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved December 2014)
 
 
#BF Member Observations
 
#BF Member Observations
 
{{ref}}
 
{{ref}}
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
−
*[http://www.arthurgrosset.com/sabirds/andeanduck.html Arthur Grosset's Birds]
 
 
{{GSearch|Oxyura+jamaicensis}}
 
{{GSearch|Oxyura+jamaicensis}}
 
<br />
 
<br />

Revision as of 18:21, 23 July 2017

Male
Photo by Oppie
Horicon Marsh, Wisconsin, USA; May 2013
Oxyura jamaicensis

Includes: Andean Duck

Identification

Female
Photo by bobsofpa
Sweetwater Wetlands, Tucson, Arizona, USA;

Length 35–43 cm, wingspan 53-62 cm, weight 310-800 g
A small diving duck. Compact body with large head and stiff tail often cocked up, give it a very distinctive shape. Wings plain dark brown in all ages and seasons.

Breeding male

  • Striking blue bill
  • Black head with white cheeks (except O. j. ferruginea usually with an all-black head)
  • Red-brown body

Non-breeding male

  • Grey-brown body
  • Head much as summer male but slightly duller
  • Unlike most ducks, the non-breeding 'eclipse' plumage is seen from late fall through winter to early spring, not late summer

Female

  • Dull brown
  • Striped dark brown and pale buff head pattern

Juvenile

  • Very similar to female; young males slowly gain white cheeks in first winter

Distribution

Young male, starting to show white cheeks
Photo by Stanley Jones
Laguna Cartagena NWR, Puerto Rico, USA, November 2012

Native to North, Central and South America, and the Caribbean.

Introduced to the UK and Europe, where hybridisation with White-headed Duck is causing some concern.

Taxonomy

Closely related to the other "stifftails" of the genus Oxyura

Subspecies

Two to four subspecies are accepted[1][2][3]:

  • O. j. rubida:
  • Breeds interior north-western North America (southwestern Canada to Mexico); northern populations migratory. Included in O. j. jamaicensis by some authorities[1].
  • O. j. jamaicensis:
  • O. j. andina:
  • Lakes and marshes of Central and Eastern Andes of Colombia. Intermediate (possibly hybrid[3]) between O. j. jamaicensis and O. j. ferruginea, with cheeks patchy black.
  • O. j. ferruginea:
  • Locally from Andes of south Colombia to south Argentina and south Chile. Cheeks black. Split as full species Andean Duck O. ferruginea by some authorities[2].
Male O. j. ferruginea
Photo by Sussex bird man
Laguna Nimez, Argentina, November 2006

Habitat

Marshes, ponds and lakes with areas of open water and emergent vegetation.

Behaviour

Action

Dives to feed. Often sinks low in water before diving or even sinks completely to feed without diving.
Rarely seen on land as it walks poorly. They are not often seen in flight.
It cocks the tail much of the time. Except when on the nest spends much time on open water or diving for food.

Diet

Photo by STEFFRO1
Huntington Beach State Park, South Carolina, December 2014

A diving duck.
Their diet consists of aquatic insects, molluscs, crustaceans and worms. Also aquatic plant seeds.

Breeding

Breeding season varies through range, breeds all year in the tropics, April to August in the northern parts of its range.
A seasonally monogamous species. The nest is a bowl made of dead vegetation on ground or on water, hidden in dense vegetation. Lays 6 to 10 eggs.

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2016. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2016, with updates to August 2016. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Gill, F and D Donsker (Eds). 2017. IOC World Bird Names (version 7.2). Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/.
  3. Del Hoyo, J, A Elliot, and J Sargatal, eds. 1992. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8487334108
  4. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved December 2014)
  5. BF Member Observations

Recommended Citation

External Links


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