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Difference between revisions of "Red-necked Grebe" - BirdForum Opus

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;Podiceps grisegena
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;[[:Category:Podiceps|Podiceps]] grisegena
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[[Image:Red-necked_Grebe.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo by DaveMC
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[[Image:Red-necked Grebe, Lund, Sweden.jpg|thumb|550px|right|''P. g. grisegena'', summer plumage<br />Photo by {{user|Tord|Tord}}.<br />Lund, [[Sweden]], May 2013]]
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Big Lake, Alberta]]
 
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
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A large grebe, easily identified when breeding but confusable with Great Crested Grebe P. cristatus in winter. Adult breeding: dark grey-brown above, breast-sides and flanks chestnut mottled brown, belly and undertail white. Crown and small crest black, cheeks white to grey bordered with white giving clear-cut capped effect. Hindneck dark brown, sides and front of neck bright chestnut. Iris dark brown, bill black with bright yellow base, legs blackish to olive. Adult non-breeding: duller and greyer, lacks chestnut neck and face whiter. Bill-base dull yellow. Juvenile: as non-breeding adult but has striped head. Flight: upperwing shows white leading and trailing edges to wing. Distinguished from Great Crested Grebe by shorter and thicker bill and neck, more compact shape and yellow bill-base is diagnostic.
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A medium-large grebe; length 40-50 cm, wingspan 77-85 cm, weight 800-925 g<br />
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[[Image:Red-necked Grebe, winter.jpg|thumb|350px|right|''P. g. grisegena'', winter plumage<br />Photo by {{user|Chris+Upson|Chris Upson}}.<br />Alton Water, [[Suffolk]], [[UK]], February 2012]]
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'''Breeding plumage'''
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*Dark grey-brown above
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*Chestnut sides and front of neck
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*Breast-sides and flanks chestnut mottled brown
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*Black crown and small crest
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*Cheeks white to grey, bordered with white
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*Hindneck dark brown
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*Dark brown iris
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*Black bill with bright yellow base (extent of yellow very variable, from a small spot, to nearly all-yellow)
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*Blackish to olive legs
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*In flight, secondaries and lesser secondary coverts white, but scapulars blackish<br />
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'''Winter plumage'''
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*Neck dusky grey
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*Flanks paler and greyer<br />
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[[Image:Red-necked Grebe, juvenile.jpg|thumb|350px|right|''P. g. grisegena'', juvenile plumage<br />Photo by {{user|IanF|IanF}}.<br />Hartlepool Marina, [[Durham]] ([[Cleveland]]), [[UK]], November 2010]]
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'''Juvenile plumage'''
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*Neck pale rusty-red
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*Cheeks with dark bands
  
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Length 40-50cm. Wingspan 80cm.
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====Similar species====
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*[[Great Crested Grebe]] is often confused in winter plumage; differs in whiter flanks, neck and face, longer neck, pink bill, and in flight, white scapulars as well as secondaries and lesser secondary coverts.
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*[[Slavonian Grebe|Slavonian]] / [[Horned Grebe]] is smaller, with pure white cheeks and neck in winter plumage.
  
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==Distribution==
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A widespread species in the Northern Hemisphere.
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The nominate subspecies ''P. g. grisegena'' breeds in [[Europe]] and western [[Asia]] from [[Denmark]] and [[Germany]] eastwards, ranging north to central [[Finland]] and south to the Black Sea; has also bred irregularly in [[Britain]] and elsewhere in western Europe. Breeds in scattered populations in [[Turkey]] and east to central Asia. The main wintering range lies in the [[Baltic States|Baltic]], from southern [[Norway]] to Biscay including Britain, and in the Caspian Sea with smaller numbers in the northern Mediterranean and Black Seas, and rarely south to north [[Africa]].
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The subspecies ''P. g. holbollii'' breeds in [[North America]] in [[Alaska]] and much of western and central [[Canada]] east to [[Ontario]] and in the northern [[USA]] in [[Washington]], [[Montana]], [[North Dakota]], northern [[South Dakota]] and [[Minnesota]]; it has also bred in [[Quebec]] and [[New Hampshire]]. It also breeds in northeast [[Asia]] in northeastern [[China]], the [[Russia]]n far east (including Sakhalin and Kamchatka), and Hokkaido, [[Japan]]. American birds winter on both coasts, in the west from the [[Aleutians]] south to northern [[California]], rarely further south, and in the east from [[Nova Scotia]] south to Long Island, rarely north to [[Newfoundland]] and south to [[Florida]]. East Asian birds winter from Sakhalin and Honshu south to East China Sea and a vagrant to [[Hong Kong]].
  
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==Distribution==
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Migratory and dispersive. The North American subspecies has occurred as a vagrant in Europe.  
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A widespread species in the Northern Hemisphere. In North America breeds in Alaska and much of western and central Canada east to Ontario and in the northern USA in Washington, Montana, North Dakota, northern South Dakota and Minnesota. Has also bred in Quebec and New Hampshire. In Europe breeds mainly from Denmark and Germany eastwards, ranging north to central Finland and south to the Black Sea. Has bred irregularly in Britain and elsewhere in Western Europe. Breeds in scattered populations in Turkey and east to Central Asia and again in China, the Russian Far East including Sakhalin and Kamchatka, and Hokkaido, Japan.
 
  
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Winters on both coasts of North America: in the west from the Aleutians south to northern California, rarely further south, and in the east from Nova Scotia south to Long Island, rarely north to Newfoundland and south to Florida. In Europe main wintering range lies in the Baltic, from southern Norway to Biscay including Britain, and in the Caspian Sea with smaller numbers in the northern Mediterranean and Black Seas. Rarely occurs south to North Africa. In East Asia winters from Sakhalin and Honshu south to East China Sea and a vagrant to Hong Kong. Migratory and dispersive. North American race has occurred as a vagrant in Europe.
 
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
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Nominate race occurs in most of Eurasia, similar but larger holboellii in North America and north-east Asia.
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====Subspecies====
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There are two subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
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[[Image:Red-necked_Grebe.jpg|thumb|350px|right|''P. g. holbollii'', summer plumage<br />Photo by {{user|DaveMC|DaveMC}}<br/>[[Big Lake (Alberta)|Big Lake]], [[Alberta]].]]
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*''P. g. grisegena'': western Eurasia
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:*Smaller, with a weaker bill; diet mainly aquatic invertebrates and small fish<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>
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*''P. g. holbollii'' (syn. ''P. g. holboellii'', a spelling error): North America and northeast Asia
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:*Larger, with a heavier bill; diet mainly fish<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>
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==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
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Breeds on small-medium, well-vegetated freshwaters. On passage and in winter on estuaries and sheltered sea-coasts with small numbers on inland waters, particularly reservoirs and gravel-pits. Often secretive when breeding but more vocal than most grebes.
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Small-medium, well-vegetated freshwaters.
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==Behaviour==
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====Breeding====
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It builds a nest of a  heap of rotting vegetation, floating and attached to plants or built on the bottom in shallow water. 4-5 eggs, white initially, soon becoming stained, are laid and incubated by both sexes for 22-25 days. Young tended by both sexes for 56-70 days. Single-brooded.
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[[Image:Red-necked Grebe, wing pattern.jpg|thumb|350px|right|''P. g. grisegena'', showing wing pattern - note dark scapulars<br />Photo by {{user|targetman|targetman}}.<br />[[Lincolnshire]] coast, [[UK]], July 2011]]
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====Diet====
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Includes aquatic invertebrates and small fish taken in dives around 30 seconds long.
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====Vocalisation====
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Vocal during breeding season uttering a variety of unmusical grunting and squealing sounds, some similar to [[Great Crested Grebe]], others more reminiscent of [[Water Rail]]. Silent in winter.
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{{ Audio|Podiceps grisegena (song).mp3 }}
  
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==Behaviour==
 
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The breeding season varies with latitude, usually begins late April in south to early June in north. Nest is a heap of rotting vegetation, floating and attached to plants or built on the bottom in shallow water. Eggs: 4-5 (rarely 2-7), white initially, soon becoming stained (50 x 34mm, larger in North America 56 x 36mm). Incubated by both sexes for 22-25 days. Young tended by both sexes for 56-70 days. Single-brooded.
 
  
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Diet: Aquatic invertebrates and small fish taken in 30 second dives.
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==References==
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#{{Ref-Clements6thAug18}}#{{Ref-HBWVol1}}#Llimona, F., del Hoyo, J., Christie, D.A., Jutglar, F., Garcia, E.F.J. & Kirwan, G.M. (2019). Red-necked Grebe (''Podiceps grisegena''). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/52488 on 19 March 2019).
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#Stout, B. E. and G. L. Nuechterlein (1999). Red-necked Grebe (''Podiceps grisegena''), version 2.0. In The Birds of North America (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bna.465
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{{ref}}
  
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Bird Song: Vocal during breeding season uttering a variety of wailing, howling and roaring sounds. Silent in winter.
 
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<flashmp3>Podiceps grisegena (song).mp3</flashmp3><br />
 
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''[[Media:Podiceps grisegena (song).mp3|Listen in an external program]]''
 
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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{{GSearch|Podiceps+grisegena}}
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{{GSearch|"Podiceps grisegena" {{!}} "Red-necked Grebe"}}
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*[http://www.orientalbirdimages.org/birdimages.php?action=birdspecies&Bird_ID=1067&Bird_Image_ID=2788&Bird_Family_ID=111 View more images of this species on Orientalbirdimages]
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{{GS-checked}}
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[[Category:Birds]]
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<br />
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<br />
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[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Podiceps]] [[Category:Bird Songs]]

Latest revision as of 22:54, 31 December 2022

Podiceps grisegena
P. g. grisegena, summer plumage
Photo by Tord.
Lund, Sweden, May 2013

Identification

A medium-large grebe; length 40-50 cm, wingspan 77-85 cm, weight 800-925 g

P. g. grisegena, winter plumage
Photo by Chris Upson.
Alton Water, Suffolk, UK, February 2012

Breeding plumage

  • Dark grey-brown above
  • Chestnut sides and front of neck
  • Breast-sides and flanks chestnut mottled brown
  • Black crown and small crest
  • Cheeks white to grey, bordered with white
  • Hindneck dark brown
  • Dark brown iris
  • Black bill with bright yellow base (extent of yellow very variable, from a small spot, to nearly all-yellow)
  • Blackish to olive legs
  • In flight, secondaries and lesser secondary coverts white, but scapulars blackish

Winter plumage

  • Neck dusky grey
  • Flanks paler and greyer
P. g. grisegena, juvenile plumage
Photo by IanF.
Hartlepool Marina, Durham (Cleveland), UK, November 2010

Juvenile plumage

  • Neck pale rusty-red
  • Cheeks with dark bands

Similar species

  • Great Crested Grebe is often confused in winter plumage; differs in whiter flanks, neck and face, longer neck, pink bill, and in flight, white scapulars as well as secondaries and lesser secondary coverts.
  • Slavonian / Horned Grebe is smaller, with pure white cheeks and neck in winter plumage.

Distribution

A widespread species in the Northern Hemisphere.

The nominate subspecies P. g. grisegena breeds in Europe and western Asia from Denmark and Germany eastwards, ranging north to central Finland and south to the Black Sea; has also bred irregularly in Britain and elsewhere in western Europe. Breeds in scattered populations in Turkey and east to central Asia. The main wintering range lies in the Baltic, from southern Norway to Biscay including Britain, and in the Caspian Sea with smaller numbers in the northern Mediterranean and Black Seas, and rarely south to north Africa.

The subspecies P. g. holbollii breeds in North America in Alaska and much of western and central Canada east to Ontario and in the northern USA in Washington, Montana, North Dakota, northern South Dakota and Minnesota; it has also bred in Quebec and New Hampshire. It also breeds in northeast Asia in northeastern China, the Russian far east (including Sakhalin and Kamchatka), and Hokkaido, Japan. American birds winter on both coasts, in the west from the Aleutians south to northern California, rarely further south, and in the east from Nova Scotia south to Long Island, rarely north to Newfoundland and south to Florida. East Asian birds winter from Sakhalin and Honshu south to East China Sea and a vagrant to Hong Kong.

Migratory and dispersive. The North American subspecies has occurred as a vagrant in Europe.

Taxonomy

Subspecies

There are two subspecies[1]:

P. g. holbollii, summer plumage
Photo by DaveMC
Big Lake, Alberta.
  • P. g. grisegena: western Eurasia
  • Smaller, with a weaker bill; diet mainly aquatic invertebrates and small fish[2]
  • P. g. holbollii (syn. P. g. holboellii, a spelling error): North America and northeast Asia
  • Larger, with a heavier bill; diet mainly fish[2]

Habitat

Small-medium, well-vegetated freshwaters.

Behaviour

Breeding

It builds a nest of a heap of rotting vegetation, floating and attached to plants or built on the bottom in shallow water. 4-5 eggs, white initially, soon becoming stained, are laid and incubated by both sexes for 22-25 days. Young tended by both sexes for 56-70 days. Single-brooded.

P. g. grisegena, showing wing pattern - note dark scapulars
Photo by targetman.
Lincolnshire coast, UK, July 2011

Diet

Includes aquatic invertebrates and small fish taken in dives around 30 seconds long.

Vocalisation

Vocal during breeding season uttering a variety of unmusical grunting and squealing sounds, some similar to Great Crested Grebe, others more reminiscent of Water Rail. Silent in winter.


References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2018. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2018. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Del Hoyo, J, A Elliot, and J Sargatal, eds. 1992. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8487334108
  3. Llimona, F., del Hoyo, J., Christie, D.A., Jutglar, F., Garcia, E.F.J. & Kirwan, G.M. (2019). Red-necked Grebe (Podiceps grisegena). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/52488 on 19 March 2019).
  4. Stout, B. E. and G. L. Nuechterlein (1999). Red-necked Grebe (Podiceps grisegena), version 2.0. In The Birds of North America (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bna.465

Recommended Citation

External Links

GSearch checked for 2020 platform.

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