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;[[:Category:Podiceps|Podiceps]] grisegena | ;[[:Category:Podiceps|Podiceps]] grisegena | ||
| − | [[Image:Red- | + | [[Image:Red-necked Grebe, Lund, Sweden.jpg|thumb|550px|right|''P. g. grisegena'', summer plumage<br />Photo by {{user|Tord|Tord}}.<br />Lund, [[Sweden]], May 2013]] |
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | + | A medium-large grebe; length 40-50 cm, wingspan 77-85 cm, weight 800-925 g<br /> | |
| + | [[Image:Red-necked Grebe, winter.jpg|thumb|350px|right|''P. g. grisegena'', winter plumage<br />Photo by {{user|Chris+Upson|Chris Upson}}.<br />Alton Water, [[Suffolk]], [[UK]], February 2012]] | ||
| + | '''Breeding plumage''' | ||
*Dark grey-brown above | *Dark grey-brown above | ||
*Chestnut sides and front of neck | *Chestnut sides and front of neck | ||
| Line 10: | Line 12: | ||
*Hindneck dark brown | *Hindneck dark brown | ||
*Dark brown iris | *Dark brown iris | ||
| − | *Black bill with bright yellow base | + | *Black bill with bright yellow base (extent of yellow very variable, from a small spot, to nearly all-yellow) |
*Blackish to olive legs | *Blackish to olive legs | ||
| + | *In flight, secondaries and lesser secondary coverts white, but scapulars blackish<br /> | ||
| + | '''Winter plumage''' | ||
| + | *Neck dusky grey | ||
| + | *Flanks paler and greyer<br /> | ||
| + | [[Image:Red-necked Grebe, juvenile.jpg|thumb|350px|right|''P. g. grisegena'', juvenile plumage<br />Photo by {{user|IanF|IanF}}.<br />Hartlepool Marina, [[Durham]] ([[Cleveland]]), [[UK]], November 2010]] | ||
| + | '''Juvenile plumage''' | ||
| + | *Neck pale rusty-red | ||
| + | *Cheeks with dark bands | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Similar species==== | ||
| + | *[[Great Crested Grebe]] is often confused in winter plumage; differs in whiter flanks, neck and face, longer neck, pink bill, and in flight, white scapulars as well as secondaries and lesser secondary coverts. | ||
| + | *[[Slavonian Grebe|Slavonian]] / [[Horned Grebe]] is smaller, with pure white cheeks and neck in winter plumage. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
A widespread species in the Northern Hemisphere. | A widespread species in the Northern Hemisphere. | ||
| − | + | The nominate subspecies ''P. g. grisegena'' breeds in [[Europe]] and western [[Asia]] from [[Denmark]] and [[Germany]] eastwards, ranging north to central [[Finland]] and south to the Black Sea; has also bred irregularly in [[Britain]] and elsewhere in western Europe. Breeds in scattered populations in [[Turkey]] and east to central Asia. The main wintering range lies in the [[Baltic States|Baltic]], from southern [[Norway]] to Biscay including Britain, and in the Caspian Sea with smaller numbers in the northern Mediterranean and Black Seas, and rarely south to north [[Africa]]. | |
| − | + | The subspecies ''P. g. holbollii'' breeds in [[North America]] in [[Alaska]] and much of western and central [[Canada]] east to [[Ontario]] and in the northern [[USA]] in [[Washington]], [[Montana]], [[North Dakota]], northern [[South Dakota]] and [[Minnesota]]; it has also bred in [[Quebec]] and [[New Hampshire]]. It also breeds in northeast [[Asia]] in northeastern [[China]], the [[Russia]]n far east (including Sakhalin and Kamchatka), and Hokkaido, [[Japan]]. American birds winter on both coasts, in the west from the [[Aleutians]] south to northern [[California]], rarely further south, and in the east from [[Nova Scotia]] south to Long Island, rarely north to [[Newfoundland]] and south to [[Florida]]. East Asian birds winter from Sakhalin and Honshu south to East China Sea and a vagrant to [[Hong Kong]]. | |
| − | + | Migratory and dispersive. The North American subspecies has occurred as a vagrant in Europe. | |
| − | + | ==Taxonomy== | |
| + | ====Subspecies==== | ||
| + | There are two subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | ||
| + | [[Image:Red-necked_Grebe.jpg|thumb|350px|right|''P. g. holbollii'', summer plumage<br />Photo by {{user|DaveMC|DaveMC}}<br/>[[Big Lake (Alberta)|Big Lake]], [[Alberta]].]] | ||
| + | *''P. g. grisegena'': western Eurasia | ||
| + | :*Smaller, with a weaker bill; diet mainly aquatic invertebrates and small fish<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup> | ||
| + | *''P. g. holbollii'' (syn. ''P. g. holboellii'', a spelling error): North America and northeast Asia | ||
| + | :*Larger, with a heavier bill; diet mainly fish<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Small-medium, well-vegetated freshwaters. | Small-medium, well-vegetated freshwaters. | ||
| Line 32: | Line 50: | ||
====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
It builds a nest of a heap of rotting vegetation, floating and attached to plants or built on the bottom in shallow water. 4-5 eggs, white initially, soon becoming stained, are laid and incubated by both sexes for 22-25 days. Young tended by both sexes for 56-70 days. Single-brooded. | It builds a nest of a heap of rotting vegetation, floating and attached to plants or built on the bottom in shallow water. 4-5 eggs, white initially, soon becoming stained, are laid and incubated by both sexes for 22-25 days. Young tended by both sexes for 56-70 days. Single-brooded. | ||
| + | [[Image:Red-necked Grebe, wing pattern.jpg|thumb|350px|right|''P. g. grisegena'', showing wing pattern - note dark scapulars<br />Photo by {{user|targetman|targetman}}.<br />[[Lincolnshire]] coast, [[UK]], July 2011]] | ||
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
| − | Includes aquatic invertebrates and small fish taken in 30 | + | Includes aquatic invertebrates and small fish taken in dives around 30 seconds long. |
====Vocalisation==== | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
| − | Vocal during breeding season uttering a variety of | + | Vocal during breeding season uttering a variety of unmusical grunting and squealing sounds, some similar to [[Great Crested Grebe]], others more reminiscent of [[Water Rail]]. Silent in winter. |
| − | + | {{ Audio|Podiceps grisegena (song).mp3 }} | |
| − | '' | + | |
| + | |||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug18}}#{{Ref-HBWVol1}}#Llimona, F., del Hoyo, J., Christie, D.A., Jutglar, F., Garcia, E.F.J. & Kirwan, G.M. (2019). Red-necked Grebe (''Podiceps grisegena''). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/52488 on 19 March 2019). | ||
| + | #Stout, B. E. and G. L. Nuechterlein (1999). Red-necked Grebe (''Podiceps grisegena''), version 2.0. In The Birds of North America (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bna.465 | ||
| + | {{ref}} | ||
| + | |||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Podiceps | + | {{GSearch|"Podiceps grisegena" {{!}} "Red-necked Grebe"}} |
| + | {{GS-checked}} | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
| − | |||
| − | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Podiceps]] [[Category:Bird Songs | + | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Podiceps]] [[Category:Bird Songs]] |
Latest revision as of 22:54, 31 December 2022
- Podiceps grisegena
Identification
A medium-large grebe; length 40-50 cm, wingspan 77-85 cm, weight 800-925 g
Breeding plumage
- Dark grey-brown above
- Chestnut sides and front of neck
- Breast-sides and flanks chestnut mottled brown
- Black crown and small crest
- Cheeks white to grey, bordered with white
- Hindneck dark brown
- Dark brown iris
- Black bill with bright yellow base (extent of yellow very variable, from a small spot, to nearly all-yellow)
- Blackish to olive legs
- In flight, secondaries and lesser secondary coverts white, but scapulars blackish
Winter plumage
- Neck dusky grey
- Flanks paler and greyer
Juvenile plumage
- Neck pale rusty-red
- Cheeks with dark bands
Similar species
- Great Crested Grebe is often confused in winter plumage; differs in whiter flanks, neck and face, longer neck, pink bill, and in flight, white scapulars as well as secondaries and lesser secondary coverts.
- Slavonian / Horned Grebe is smaller, with pure white cheeks and neck in winter plumage.
Distribution
A widespread species in the Northern Hemisphere.
The nominate subspecies P. g. grisegena breeds in Europe and western Asia from Denmark and Germany eastwards, ranging north to central Finland and south to the Black Sea; has also bred irregularly in Britain and elsewhere in western Europe. Breeds in scattered populations in Turkey and east to central Asia. The main wintering range lies in the Baltic, from southern Norway to Biscay including Britain, and in the Caspian Sea with smaller numbers in the northern Mediterranean and Black Seas, and rarely south to north Africa.
The subspecies P. g. holbollii breeds in North America in Alaska and much of western and central Canada east to Ontario and in the northern USA in Washington, Montana, North Dakota, northern South Dakota and Minnesota; it has also bred in Quebec and New Hampshire. It also breeds in northeast Asia in northeastern China, the Russian far east (including Sakhalin and Kamchatka), and Hokkaido, Japan. American birds winter on both coasts, in the west from the Aleutians south to northern California, rarely further south, and in the east from Nova Scotia south to Long Island, rarely north to Newfoundland and south to Florida. East Asian birds winter from Sakhalin and Honshu south to East China Sea and a vagrant to Hong Kong.
Migratory and dispersive. The North American subspecies has occurred as a vagrant in Europe.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
There are two subspecies[1]:
- P. g. grisegena: western Eurasia
- Smaller, with a weaker bill; diet mainly aquatic invertebrates and small fish[2]
- P. g. holbollii (syn. P. g. holboellii, a spelling error): North America and northeast Asia
- Larger, with a heavier bill; diet mainly fish[2]
Habitat
Small-medium, well-vegetated freshwaters.
Behaviour
Breeding
It builds a nest of a heap of rotting vegetation, floating and attached to plants or built on the bottom in shallow water. 4-5 eggs, white initially, soon becoming stained, are laid and incubated by both sexes for 22-25 days. Young tended by both sexes for 56-70 days. Single-brooded.
P. g. grisegena, showing wing pattern - note dark scapulars
Photo by targetman.
Lincolnshire coast, UK, July 2011
Photo by targetman.
Lincolnshire coast, UK, July 2011
Diet
Includes aquatic invertebrates and small fish taken in dives around 30 seconds long.
Vocalisation
Vocal during breeding season uttering a variety of unmusical grunting and squealing sounds, some similar to Great Crested Grebe, others more reminiscent of Water Rail. Silent in winter.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2018. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2018. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Del Hoyo, J, A Elliot, and J Sargatal, eds. 1992. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8487334108
- Llimona, F., del Hoyo, J., Christie, D.A., Jutglar, F., Garcia, E.F.J. & Kirwan, G.M. (2019). Red-necked Grebe (Podiceps grisegena). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/52488 on 19 March 2019).
- Stout, B. E. and G. L. Nuechterlein (1999). Red-necked Grebe (Podiceps grisegena), version 2.0. In The Birds of North America (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bna.465
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Red-necked Grebe. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 5 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Red-necked_Grebe
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.
