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| + | [[Image:Hawfinch.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Adult male<br />Photo © by {{user|Gerd+Rossen|Gerd Rossen}} <br />Northern [[Germany]], 28 February 2004]] | ||
;[[:Category: Coccothraustes|Coccothraustes]] coccothraustes | ;[[:Category: Coccothraustes|Coccothraustes]] coccothraustes | ||
| − | + | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | 16-18cm<br /> | + | [[Image:IMG 60513.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo © by {{user|Macswede|Macswede}}<br />Solberga, [[Sweden]], 4 May 2013]] |
| + | 16-18cm (6-7 in)<br /> | ||
| + | '''Adult male''' | ||
*Chestnut-brown | *Chestnut-brown | ||
*Grey hind collar | *Grey hind collar | ||
| − | * | + | *Orange-buff crown and cheeks |
*Black eye patch | *Black eye patch | ||
*Black throat | *Black throat | ||
| Line 13: | Line 16: | ||
*Broad white tip on tail | *Broad white tip on tail | ||
*Flesh-coloured legs | *Flesh-coloured legs | ||
| + | '''Adult female''' is similar to adult male but head and rump dull brown lacking orange-brown tones; [[Topography#Wings|secondaries]] paler, not blue-black.<br /> | ||
| + | '''Juvenile''' similar to adult but duller and spotted below. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | + | [[Image:Juvenile Hawfinch-2.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile<br />Photo © by {{user|DanC.Licks|Daniel C. Bradley}}<br />Mauerbach, [[Austria]], 1 July 2013]] | |
| − | |||
'''Breeds''' in southern [[Scotland]] and [[England]] and from the Pyrenees and western [[France]] to [[Denmark]], southern [[Sweden]] and the [[Baltic States]] east to [[Russia]] and the Urals. In the south breeds in southern [[Iberia]] and North-West [[Africa]] in [[Morocco]], north-east [[Algeria]] and north [[Tunisia]]. Also [[Corsica]], [[Sardinia]], and [[Italy]], the Balkans, [[Greece]] and northern [[Turkey]]. Also breeds in the Crimea and Caucasus. | '''Breeds''' in southern [[Scotland]] and [[England]] and from the Pyrenees and western [[France]] to [[Denmark]], southern [[Sweden]] and the [[Baltic States]] east to [[Russia]] and the Urals. In the south breeds in southern [[Iberia]] and North-West [[Africa]] in [[Morocco]], north-east [[Algeria]] and north [[Tunisia]]. Also [[Corsica]], [[Sardinia]], and [[Italy]], the Balkans, [[Greece]] and northern [[Turkey]]. Also breeds in the Crimea and Caucasus. | ||
| Line 22: | Line 26: | ||
Northern and eastern populations are migratory leaving breeding areas in September-October, returning late March-early May. Elsewhere in range mainly resident or short-distance dispersal only. Winter range more widespread in western and southern [[Europe]] especially around the Mediterranean and a scarce winter visitor to the [[Balearics]], [[Malta]] and [[Sicily]], [[Crete]] and [[Cyprus]] and also in the Near East including [[Lebanon]] and [[Israel]]. | Northern and eastern populations are migratory leaving breeding areas in September-October, returning late March-early May. Elsewhere in range mainly resident or short-distance dispersal only. Winter range more widespread in western and southern [[Europe]] especially around the Mediterranean and a scarce winter visitor to the [[Balearics]], [[Malta]] and [[Sicily]], [[Crete]] and [[Cyprus]] and also in the Near East including [[Lebanon]] and [[Israel]]. | ||
| − | '''Vagrants'' recorded in [[Iceland]], the [[Channel Islands]], [[Madeira]], [[Canary Islands]] and [[ | + | '''Vagrants''' recorded in [[Iceland]], the [[Channel Islands]], [[Madeira]], [[Canary Islands]], [[Gibraltar]] and [[Alaska]] |
| + | |||
| + | Widely distributed but generally uncommon. | ||
| + | |||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | ====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> | + | [[Image:Hawfinch in a blue sky.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Male in flight<br />Photo © by {{user|bru.b|bru.b}}<br />Gueret, Creuse, [[France]], Late February 2015]] |
| + | ====Subspecies==== | ||
| + | There are 5 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | ||
*''C. c. coccothraustes'': | *''C. c. coccothraustes'': | ||
:*[[England]] and northern continental [[Europe]] to western [[Asia]]; winters to North [[Africa]] | :*[[England]] and northern continental [[Europe]] to western [[Asia]]; winters to North [[Africa]] | ||
| Line 31: | Line 40: | ||
*''C. c.nigricans'': darker-backed | *''C. c.nigricans'': darker-backed | ||
:*[[Ukraine]] to Crimean Peninsula, Caspian Sea and northern [[Iran]] | :*[[Ukraine]] to Crimean Peninsula, Caspian Sea and northern [[Iran]] | ||
| − | *''C. c. humii'': | + | *''C. c. humii'': paler, more yellowish-brown on back and mantle |
:*Eastern [[Kazakhstan]] to Kyrgystan, Tajikistan and western [[Afghanistan]] | :*Eastern [[Kazakhstan]] to Kyrgystan, Tajikistan and western [[Afghanistan]] | ||
| − | *''C. c. japonicus'': | + | *''C. c. japonicus'': paler, more white on belly, less white on tail tip, smaller bill |
:*Sakhalin, Hokkaido and northern Honshu; winters to eastern [[China]] and Bonin Island | :*Sakhalin, Hokkaido and northern Honshu; winters to eastern [[China]] and Bonin Island | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Usually occurs in mature deciduous or mixed woodland, often beech and hornbeam, up to 3000m. Also found in some areas in parks, large gardens and orchards. In winter may be seen in more open habitats, along hedgerows and woodland edges. | Usually occurs in mature deciduous or mixed woodland, often beech and hornbeam, up to 3000m. Also found in some areas in parks, large gardens and orchards. In winter may be seen in more open habitats, along hedgerows and woodland edges. | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| + | [[Image:Hawfinch16.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''japonicus''<br />Photo © by {{user|Dave+2x|Dave Irving}}<br />Taichung, [[Taiwan]], March 2016]] | ||
Often flocks after breeding. | Often flocks after breeding. | ||
| + | ====Diet==== | ||
| + | Their diet consists of a wide variety of hard seeds, buds and shoots. They will also eat some fruit and invertebrates. | ||
====Flight==== | ====Flight==== | ||
Flight strong and bounding usually at a height of around 50m. Looks front heavy and short-tailed. | Flight strong and bounding usually at a height of around 50m. Looks front heavy and short-tailed. | ||
Male's territorial flight is a like a bounding "roller-coaster", ending with a dive. | Male's territorial flight is a like a bounding "roller-coaster", ending with a dive. | ||
| + | ====Breeding==== | ||
| + | They are [[Dictionary_M-O#M|monogamous]] and the pair bond may last several seasons. The nest is usually high in a deciduous tree, in a fork or against the trunk. | ||
==Vocalisation== | ==Vocalisation== | ||
| − | < | + | [[Image:9I0A0859.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Nominate subspecies<br />Photo © by {{user|Kingshot975|John King}}<br />Dordogne, [[France]], 18 March 2018]] |
| − | ''[[Media:Coccothraustes coccothraustes (song).mp3| | + | {{ Audio|Coccothraustes coccothraustes (song).mp3 }} |
| + | ''[[Media:Coccothraustes coccothraustes (song).mp3|Hawfinch voice clip]]'' | ||
| + | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug19}}#Hayman, P. & R. Hume. 2002 Birdwatchers Pocket Guide, Hayman, ISBN 1-85732-804-3 |
| − | #Collins Pocket Guide to British Birds | + | #Fitter, R. 1966. Collins Pocket Guide to British Birds ISBN 1-85152-026-0 |
| − | # | + | #Cramp, S. & CM Perrins (''eds'') 1994. Handbook of the Birds of Europe the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palearctic. Oxford Univ. Press. |
| + | #Clement, P. and D. A. Christie (2020). Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.hawfin.01 | ||
| + | #Svensson, L. & PJ Grant. 1998. Collins Bird Guide: the Most Complete Guide to the Birds of Britain and Europe. HarperCollins. ISBN 0 00 219728 6 | ||
| + | #Clement, P., A. Harris, and J. Davis. 1993. Finches and Sparrows: An Identification Guide. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, N. J. | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
| + | |||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch| | + | {{GSearch|"Coccothraustes coccothraustes" {{!}} "Hawfinch"}} |
| + | {{GS-checked}}1 | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | [[ | + | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Coccothraustes]] [[Category:Bird Songs]] |
| − | |||
Latest revision as of 23:08, 27 January 2023
- Coccothraustes coccothraustes
Identification
16-18cm (6-7 in)
Adult male
- Chestnut-brown
- Grey hind collar
- Orange-buff crown and cheeks
- Black eye patch
- Black throat
- Large white wing patch
- Black wing tips
- Very heavy stout bill (bluish-grey in summer; yellow in winter)
- Broad white tip on tail
- Flesh-coloured legs
Adult female is similar to adult male but head and rump dull brown lacking orange-brown tones; secondaries paler, not blue-black.
Juvenile similar to adult but duller and spotted below.
Distribution
Breeds in southern Scotland and England and from the Pyrenees and western France to Denmark, southern Sweden and the Baltic States east to Russia and the Urals. In the south breeds in southern Iberia and North-West Africa in Morocco, north-east Algeria and north Tunisia. Also Corsica, Sardinia, and Italy, the Balkans, Greece and northern Turkey. Also breeds in the Crimea and Caucasus.
Also found in Asia from Kazakhstan, through western Afghanistan, Japan to China.
Northern and eastern populations are migratory leaving breeding areas in September-October, returning late March-early May. Elsewhere in range mainly resident or short-distance dispersal only. Winter range more widespread in western and southern Europe especially around the Mediterranean and a scarce winter visitor to the Balearics, Malta and Sicily, Crete and Cyprus and also in the Near East including Lebanon and Israel.
Vagrants recorded in Iceland, the Channel Islands, Madeira, Canary Islands, Gibraltar and Alaska
Widely distributed but generally uncommon.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
There are 5 subspecies[1]:
- C. c. coccothraustes:
- C. c. buvryi: smaller bill, greyer crown and rump and less white on wings and tail
- C. c.nigricans: darker-backed
- C. c. humii: paler, more yellowish-brown on back and mantle
- Eastern Kazakhstan to Kyrgystan, Tajikistan and western Afghanistan
- C. c. japonicus: paler, more white on belly, less white on tail tip, smaller bill
- Sakhalin, Hokkaido and northern Honshu; winters to eastern China and Bonin Island
Habitat
Usually occurs in mature deciduous or mixed woodland, often beech and hornbeam, up to 3000m. Also found in some areas in parks, large gardens and orchards. In winter may be seen in more open habitats, along hedgerows and woodland edges.
Behaviour
Often flocks after breeding.
Diet
Their diet consists of a wide variety of hard seeds, buds and shoots. They will also eat some fruit and invertebrates.
Flight
Flight strong and bounding usually at a height of around 50m. Looks front heavy and short-tailed.
Male's territorial flight is a like a bounding "roller-coaster", ending with a dive.
Breeding
They are monogamous and the pair bond may last several seasons. The nest is usually high in a deciduous tree, in a fork or against the trunk.
Vocalisation
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Hayman, P. & R. Hume. 2002 Birdwatchers Pocket Guide, Hayman, ISBN 1-85732-804-3
- Fitter, R. 1966. Collins Pocket Guide to British Birds ISBN 1-85152-026-0
- Cramp, S. & CM Perrins (eds) 1994. Handbook of the Birds of Europe the Middle East and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palearctic. Oxford Univ. Press.
- Clement, P. and D. A. Christie (2020). Hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.hawfin.01
- Svensson, L. & PJ Grant. 1998. Collins Bird Guide: the Most Complete Guide to the Birds of Britain and Europe. HarperCollins. ISBN 0 00 219728 6
- Clement, P., A. Harris, and J. Davis. 1993. Finches and Sparrows: An Identification Guide. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, N. J.
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Hawfinch. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 8 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Hawfinch
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
