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*''Z. a. caucae'': Western Colombia (Cauca Valley) | *''Z. a. caucae'': Western Colombia (Cauca Valley) | ||
*''Z. a. antioquiae'': North-central Andes of Colombia (Antioquia) | *''Z. a. antioquiae'': North-central Andes of Colombia (Antioquia) | ||
− | *''Z. a. pentheria'': Eastern Andes of Colombia to w Venezuela ( | + | *''Z. a. pentheria'': Eastern Andes of Colombia to w Venezuela (Merida) |
*''Z. a. vinaceorufa'': [[Netherlands Antilles]] (Curacao, Aruba and Bonaire) | *''Z. a. vinaceorufa'': [[Netherlands Antilles]] (Curacao, Aruba and Bonaire) | ||
*''Z. a. jessieae '': Bank of lower Amazon near Santar‚m | *''Z. a. jessieae '': Bank of lower Amazon near Santar‚m | ||
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*''Z. a. chrysauchenia'': [[Bolivia]] to central Brazil, [[Uruguay]] and [[Argentina]] to Tierra del Fuego | *''Z. a. chrysauchenia'': [[Bolivia]] to central Brazil, [[Uruguay]] and [[Argentina]] to Tierra del Fuego | ||
*''Z. a. auriculata'': Central [[Chile]] (Atacama to Llanquihue) and west-central Argentina | *''Z. a. auriculata'': Central [[Chile]] (Atacama to Llanquihue) and west-central Argentina | ||
+ | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Southern populations seems to prefer dry areas while birds of Trinidad and Tobago occur in wet areas such as savannahs and mangrove. In some areas Eared Doves are seen as an agricultural pest. | Southern populations seems to prefer dry areas while birds of Trinidad and Tobago occur in wet areas such as savannahs and mangrove. In some areas Eared Doves are seen as an agricultural pest. |
Revision as of 17:20, 10 August 2015
Previously known as Violet-eared Dove
- Zenaida auriculata
Identification
Length: 22-25 cm in north, some southern birds larger.
The tail looks short, especially on the standing bird. Both upper and undersides have a warm brown color, with a few black spots on the folded wing. The head has a grey crown (brown in female), black line going diagonally down behind the eye, and a second paralel line further down the side of the head. At least on some subspecies, the area behind the eye shows a violet color. The underparts including the undertail coverts are brown, and the tail is tipped with cinnamon in northern populations, white in southern ones; subterminally, there is a black band. The bill is black and the legs dark red.
Immatures are greyish-brown, very dull, with pale barring.
Similar Species
The northern populations completely lack the white colors shown by Zenaida Dove (especially in flight). Zenaida Dove is overlapping at least part of the northern range and has a very similar overall build. Eared Dove is smaller then the Mourning Dove and lacks the long graduated tail of that species.
Distribution
Breeds in South America from Argentina and Chile to Colombia and Venezuela, and in the Caribbean in the Netherlands Antilles and the Lesser Antilles north to St. Lucia and Barbados. Records exist for observations on Martinique and Panama.
Its occurrence in Trinidad and Tobago and the Lesser Antilles seems to be of recent date[2][3].
Eared Dove displays seasonal movements.
Taxonomy
The Eared Dove, Mourning Dove and Socorro Dove are closely related; in the past some authorities have described them as forming a superspecies.
Subspecies
Eleven subspecies are recognized[1]:
- Z. a. stenura: Lesser Antilles, Trinidad and central Colombia to Venezuela and northern Brazil
- Z. a. hypoleuca: Arid littoral of western Ecuador and western Peru
- Z. a. caucae: Western Colombia (Cauca Valley)
- Z. a. antioquiae: North-central Andes of Colombia (Antioquia)
- Z. a. pentheria: Eastern Andes of Colombia to w Venezuela (Merida)
- Z. a. vinaceorufa: Netherlands Antilles (Curacao, Aruba and Bonaire)
- Z. a. jessieae : Bank of lower Amazon near Santar‚m
- Z. a. marajoensis: Maraj¢ and Mexiana islands in estuary of the Amazon
- Z. a. noronha: North-eastern Brazil (Maranh?o, Piau¡, Bahia); Fernando de Noronha Island
- Z. a. chrysauchenia: Bolivia to central Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego
- Z. a. auriculata: Central Chile (Atacama to Llanquihue) and west-central Argentina
Habitat
Southern populations seems to prefer dry areas while birds of Trinidad and Tobago occur in wet areas such as savannahs and mangrove. In some areas Eared Doves are seen as an agricultural pest.
Behaviour
Sometimes occur in large flocks. Flight is strong.
Diet
They mainly forage on the ground where food mainly consists of grains and seeds, but rest in trees.
Breeding
Nesting is arboreal; two white eggs are laid in a stick nest. Only about three weeks pass from egg laying to fledging; as a result, newly fledged Eared Doves look very small and incompletely developed.
Vocalisation
Voice is very deep and can be heard at all times of the day.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2014. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.9., with updates to August 2014. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Raffaele et al. 1998. Birds of the West Indies. Christopher Helm, London. ISBN 0713649054
- Richard ffrench. 1991. A guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago. Comstock/Cornell Paperbacks. ISBN 0-8014-9792-2
- Restall et al. 2006. Birds of Northern South America. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300124156
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Eared Dove. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Eared_Dove