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Breeding birds from northern [[Europe]] and [[Asia]] winter in [[Africa]] and southeast [[Asia]]. Those that have bred in [[Alaska]] and the [[Canada|Canadian]] Arctic move down to the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of [[North America]]. | Breeding birds from northern [[Europe]] and [[Asia]] winter in [[Africa]] and southeast [[Asia]]. Those that have bred in [[Alaska]] and the [[Canada|Canadian]] Arctic move down to the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of [[North America]]. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
− | ====Subspecies | + | ====Subspecies==== |
− | There are 9 subspecies: | + | There are 9 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: |
*''C. a. arcticola'': | *''C. a. arcticola'': | ||
:*North-western [[Alaska]] and north-western [[Canada]]; winters eastern [[China]], [[Korea]] and [[Japan]]I | :*North-western [[Alaska]] and north-western [[Canada]]; winters eastern [[China]], [[Korea]] and [[Japan]]I | ||
Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
*''C. a. hudsonia'': | *''C. a. hudsonia'': | ||
:*Central [[Canada]]; winters south-eastern [[US]] and eastern [[Mexico]] | :*Central [[Canada]]; winters south-eastern [[US]] and eastern [[Mexico]] | ||
+ | [[Image:Dunlin in flight.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo by {{user|Peter+W|Peter W}}<br />Mistley, [[Essex]], December 2011]] | ||
*''C. a.arctica'': | *''C. a.arctica'': | ||
:*North-eastern [[Greenland]]; winters mainly north-western [[Africa]] | :*North-eastern [[Greenland]]; winters mainly north-western [[Africa]] | ||
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''[[Media:Calidris alpina (song).mp3|Listen in an external program]]'' | ''[[Media:Calidris alpina (song).mp3|Listen in an external program]]'' | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
− | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug11}}#Avibase |
#Wikipedia | #Wikipedia | ||
#Collins Pocket Guide to British Birds 1966 | #Collins Pocket Guide to British Birds 1966 |
Revision as of 00:29, 17 February 2012
- Calidris alpina
Identification
L 17-21 cm, WS 32-36 cm.
Black bill, with de-curved tip
Breeding
- Crown and upperparts rufous, streaked darker
- Wings: greyish brown, with pale bar and dark tips
- White sides to rump and tail
- White breast with darker streaks
- Black belly
- White undertail coverts
Non-breeding
- Rufous areas become grey and belly all white
Distribution
Breeding birds from northern Europe and Asia winter in Africa and southeast Asia. Those that have bred in Alaska and the Canadian Arctic move down to the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North America.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
There are 9 subspecies[1]:
- C. a. arcticola:
- C. a. pacifica:
- C. a. hudsonia:
- C. a.arctica:
- C. a. schinzii:
- Greenland and Iceland to southern Scandinavia; winters to north-western Africa
- C. a. alpina:
- Scandinavia to eastern Russia; winters to Mediterranean and India
- C. a. sakhalina:
- C. a. actites:
- Northern Sakhalin; wintering grounds unknown
- C. a. kistchinskii:
- Sea of Okhotsk to Kuril Islands; wintering grounds unknown
A 10th subspecies centralis is not recognised by all authorities[2]
Habitat
Breeds on low or high ground, in wet short-grass or tundra habitats; on migration (in autumn adults in late July-August, juveniles in late August-October), found in a variety of marshy or coastal habitats, but most numerous on tidal flats or on banks of seaweed on shallow shores.
Coastal mudflats and beaches.
Behaviour
They form huge winter flocks, often mixing with Ringed Plover and Sanderling
Diet
The diet includes insects, snails and worms.
Breeding
They nest in a shallow scrape on the ground lined with vegetation. The 4 eggs are incubated by both adults. The male cares for the young.
Vocalisation
Song: a trill.
Flight Call: treep or chreet
<flashmp3>Calidris alpina (song).mp3</flashmp3>
Listen in an external program
References
- Clements, JF. 2011. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to August 2011. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/downloadable-clements-checklist
- Avibase
- Wikipedia
- Collins Pocket Guide to British Birds 1966
- Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Dunlin. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 7 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Dunlin
External Links