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| − | + | [[Image:Common_Goldeneye.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|jvhigbee|jvhigbee}}<br />Tacoma, [[Washington]], December 2003]] | |
| − | [[Image:Common_Goldeneye.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by jvhigbee]] | + | ;[[:Category:Bucephala|Bucephala]] clangula |
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| + | [[Image:Goldfinger Touch.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo by {{user|Digiscoper321|Digiscoper321}}<br />West [[Sweden]], April 2010]] | ||
L. 40-52 cm (18-21 in)<br/> | L. 40-52 cm (18-21 in)<br/> | ||
Weight 500 to 1400 grams (1.9 to 3.1 lbs) | Weight 500 to 1400 grams (1.9 to 3.1 lbs) | ||
| − | *Golden-yellow eye | + | *Golden-yellow eye<br /> |
| − | + | '''Adult Male''' | |
*Dark head with green gloss | *Dark head with green gloss | ||
*Circular white patch below eye | *Circular white patch below eye | ||
| Line 11: | Line 12: | ||
*White neck and belly | *White neck and belly | ||
*Large white patches in wings | *Large white patches in wings | ||
| − | + | '''Adult Female''' | |
*Brown head | *Brown head | ||
*Mostly gray body | *Mostly gray body | ||
| − | ===Similar Species=== | + | ====Similar Species==== |
Very similar to [[Barrow's Goldeneye]]. Note white scalloping on back rather than solid black (Barrow's). Circular facial patch on Common, oblong patch on Barrow's. Male Barrow's Goldeneye has purple gloss on head, but this is hard to distinguish in the field. Hybrids are possible. | Very similar to [[Barrow's Goldeneye]]. Note white scalloping on back rather than solid black (Barrow's). Circular facial patch on Common, oblong patch on Barrow's. Male Barrow's Goldeneye has purple gloss on head, but this is hard to distinguish in the field. Hybrids are possible. | ||
| − | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | ===Breeding=== | + | [[Image:IMG 1314ao.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Photo by {{user|IanF|IanF}}<br />[[Cowpen Bewley Woodland Park]], Billingham, [[UK]], December 2009]] |
| − | Widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere. | + | ====Breeding==== |
| − | + | Widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere.<br /> | |
| − | Breeds over most of Scandinavia and northern Russia with small isolated populations in Scotland and Northern Europe from north Germany east to the Baltic States. Breeds sporadically | + | '''Europe'''<br /> |
| − | further south as far as Turkey, recently recorded in France, Austria and Hungary. Also breeds across northern Asia from the Urals to northern China, Sakhalin and Kamchatka. | + | Breeds over most of [[Scandinavia]] and northern [[Russia]] with small isolated populations in [[Scotland]] and Northern Europe from north [[Germany]] east to the [[Baltic States]]. Breeds sporadically |
| − | + | further south as far as [[Turkey]], recently recorded in [[France]], [[Austria]] and [[Hungary]]. Also breeds across northern [[Asia]] from the Urals to northern [[China]], Sakhalin and Kamchatka.<br /> | |
| − | Breeds in central and southern Alaska and over much of Canada and the north-central USA. | + | '''North America'''<br /> |
| − | + | Breeds in central and southern [[Alaska]] and over much of [[Canada]] and the north-central [[USA]]. | |
| − | ===Non-breeding=== | + | ====Non-breeding==== |
| − | + | '''Europe'''<br /> | |
| − | Widespread from south-west Iceland, the British Isles and northern France east to coastal Norway and the southern Baltic, on the lakes of Central Europe and in the north-east Mediterranean and the Black and Caspian Seas and across Central Asia. | + | Widespread from south-west [[Iceland]], the [[British Isles]] and northern France east to coastal [[Norway]] and the southern Baltic, on the lakes of Central Europe and in the north-east Mediterranean and the Black and Caspian Seas and across Central Asia. <br /> |
| − | + | '''North America'''<br /> | |
Winters from southern Canada and throughout the USA and northern Mexico. | Winters from southern Canada and throughout the USA and northern Mexico. | ||
| − | + | [[Image:IMG 63472.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Ducklings<br />Photo by {{user|Macswede|Macswede}}<br />Agesta, [[Sweden]], June 2012]] | |
| − | Vagrants recorded south to the Azores and Iberia, the Mediterranean islands and North Africa, Israel and Jordan, northern India, Hong Kong and the West Indies. | + | Vagrants recorded south to the [[Azores]] and [[Iberia]], the Mediterranean islands and North [[Africa]], [[Israel]] and [[Jordan]], northern [[India]], [[Hong Kong]] and the [[West Indies]]. |
| − | |||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | Medium sized sea duck of the genus Bucephala, the goldeneyes. Their closest relative is the similar [[Barrow's Goldeneye]]. | + | Medium sized sea duck of the genus ''[[:Category:Bucephala|Bucephala]]'', the goldeneyes. Their closest relative is the similar [[Barrow's Goldeneye]]. |
| − | + | ====Subspecies==== | |
| + | There are 2 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | ||
| + | *''B. c. clangula '': | ||
| + | :*Northern [[Eurasia]]; winters to Mediterranean, Persian Gulf and southern [[China]] | ||
| + | *''B. c. americana'': | ||
| + | :*Breeds northern [[North America]]; winters to [[California]] and [[Florida]] | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| + | [[Image:GE-OG-09-02-16.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Displaying males<br />Photo by {{user|Vernon+Barker|Vernon Barker}}<br />Lincolshire, February 2016]] | ||
Breeds in woodland close to lakes and rivers, in winter and on passage on large freshwaters, estuaries and sheltered bays. Frequently seen on reservoirs and gravel-pits. | Breeds in woodland close to lakes and rivers, in winter and on passage on large freshwaters, estuaries and sheltered bays. Frequently seen on reservoirs and gravel-pits. | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| + | They may fall prey to various hawks, owls and eagles, while females and their broods have been preyed upon by bears (''Ursus'' spp.), various weasels (''Mustela'' spp.), mink (''Mustela vison''), raccoons (''Procyon lotor'') and even northern flickers (''Colaptes auratus'') and red squirrels (''Tamiasciurus husonicus''). | ||
| + | ====Diet==== | ||
These diving birds forage underwater. Year-round, about 32% of their prey is crustaceans, 28% is aquatic insects and 10% is molluscs. Insects are the predominant prey while nesting and crustaceans are the predominant prey during migration and winter. Locally, fish eggs and aquatic plants can be important foods. | These diving birds forage underwater. Year-round, about 32% of their prey is crustaceans, 28% is aquatic insects and 10% is molluscs. Insects are the predominant prey while nesting and crustaceans are the predominant prey during migration and winter. Locally, fish eggs and aquatic plants can be important foods. | ||
| − | == | + | ====Breeding==== |
| − | They | + | The male's display consists of throwing his head back onto his back with the bill pointing skywards. They nest in tree holes or nest boxes. |
| + | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
| + | {{ Audio|Bucephala clangula (song).mp3 }} | ||
| − | + | ==References== | |
| − | == | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug19}}#Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 |
| − | + | {{ref}} | |
| − | |||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Bucephala | + | {{GSearch|"Bucephala clangula" {{!}} "Common Goldeneye"}} |
| − | + | <br /> | |
| − | [[Category:Birds]] | + | {{VSearch|"Bucephala clangula" {{!}} "Common Goldeneye"}} |
| + | {{GS-checked}}1 | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Bucephala]][[Category:Bird Songs]] [[Category:Videos]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:16, 27 March 2023
- Bucephala clangula
Identification
L. 40-52 cm (18-21 in)
Weight 500 to 1400 grams (1.9 to 3.1 lbs)
- Golden-yellow eye
Adult Male
- Dark head with green gloss
- Circular white patch below eye
- Dark back
- White neck and belly
- Large white patches in wings
Adult Female
- Brown head
- Mostly gray body
Similar Species
Very similar to Barrow's Goldeneye. Note white scalloping on back rather than solid black (Barrow's). Circular facial patch on Common, oblong patch on Barrow's. Male Barrow's Goldeneye has purple gloss on head, but this is hard to distinguish in the field. Hybrids are possible.
Distribution
Breeding
Widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere.
Europe
Breeds over most of Scandinavia and northern Russia with small isolated populations in Scotland and Northern Europe from north Germany east to the Baltic States. Breeds sporadically
further south as far as Turkey, recently recorded in France, Austria and Hungary. Also breeds across northern Asia from the Urals to northern China, Sakhalin and Kamchatka.
North America
Breeds in central and southern Alaska and over much of Canada and the north-central USA.
Non-breeding
Europe
Widespread from south-west Iceland, the British Isles and northern France east to coastal Norway and the southern Baltic, on the lakes of Central Europe and in the north-east Mediterranean and the Black and Caspian Seas and across Central Asia.
North America
Winters from southern Canada and throughout the USA and northern Mexico.
Vagrants recorded south to the Azores and Iberia, the Mediterranean islands and North Africa, Israel and Jordan, northern India, Hong Kong and the West Indies.
Taxonomy
Medium sized sea duck of the genus Bucephala, the goldeneyes. Their closest relative is the similar Barrow's Goldeneye.
Subspecies
There are 2 subspecies[1]:
- B. c. clangula :
- B. c. americana:
- Breeds northern North America; winters to California and Florida
Habitat
Breeds in woodland close to lakes and rivers, in winter and on passage on large freshwaters, estuaries and sheltered bays. Frequently seen on reservoirs and gravel-pits.
Behaviour
They may fall prey to various hawks, owls and eagles, while females and their broods have been preyed upon by bears (Ursus spp.), various weasels (Mustela spp.), mink (Mustela vison), raccoons (Procyon lotor) and even northern flickers (Colaptes auratus) and red squirrels (Tamiasciurus husonicus).
Diet
These diving birds forage underwater. Year-round, about 32% of their prey is crustaceans, 28% is aquatic insects and 10% is molluscs. Insects are the predominant prey while nesting and crustaceans are the predominant prey during migration and winter. Locally, fish eggs and aquatic plants can be important foods.
Breeding
The male's display consists of throwing his head back onto his back with the bill pointing skywards. They nest in tree holes or nest boxes.
Vocalisation
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Common Goldeneye. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 4 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Common_Goldeneye
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
