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| − | + | [[Image:Cliff_Swallow.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|forcreeks|forcreeks}}<br />Chiloquin, [[Oregon]], May 2005]] | |
| − | [[Image:Cliff_Swallow.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by forcreeks]] | + | ;[[:Category:Petrochelidon|Petrochelidon]] pyrrhonota |
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | 5-6" (13-15 cm). Sparrow-sized. A stocky, square-tailed swallow with pale buff rump. Upperparts dull steel-blue; underparts buff-white; throat dark chestnut; forehead white. | + | 5-6" (13-15 cm). Sparrow-sized. A stocky, square-tailed swallow with pale buff rump. Upperparts dull steel-blue; underparts buff-white; throat dark chestnut; forehead white. |
| − | + | ====Similar Species==== | |
| − | == | + | [[Cave Swallow]] of [[Texas]] and Southwest is similar but smaller, with darker rump and pale buff throat. [[Mexico|Mexican]] birds have chestnut foreheads. |
| − | + | ==Distribution== | |
| + | Breeds from [[Alaska]], [[Ontario]], and [[Nova Scotia]] southward through most of [[United States]] (except Southeast) and in northern half of [[Mexico]]. Winters in [[South America]]. | ||
| + | [[File:Cliff_Swallow_Flight_SJ.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo © by {{user|Stanley+Jones| Stanley Jones }}<br />College Station, [[Texas]], [[USA]], 29 March 2021]] | ||
| + | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| + | Cliff Swallow has in the past been placed in genus ''[[: Category:Hirundo|Hirundo]]''. | ||
| + | [[Image:Cliff swallow nests Big Bend NP.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Photo by {{user|HelenB|HelenB}}<br />Cliff Swallow nests on cliffs by the Rio Grande River, [[Big Bend National Park]], [[Texas]], April 2003]] | ||
| + | ====Subspecies==== | ||
| + | Four different subspecies are recognized<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | ||
| + | *''P. p. pyrrhonota'': | ||
| + | :*breeds North America from western [[Alaska]] to southeastern [[Canada]] south to northwestern [[Mexico]] (northern Baja California) and the [[US|United States]] (except for the southwest); winters in [[South America]], from [[Bolivia]] and southern [[Brazil]] to east central [[Argentina]]. Since 2015 also breeding locally in east central Argentina (this subspecies?), nonbreeding from the southern United States south to [[Colombia]] and [[Venezuela]] | ||
| + | *''P. p. ganieri'': | ||
| + | :*Southern US westt of Appalachians ([[Tennessee]] to [[Texas]]); winters to South America | ||
| + | *''P. p. tachina'': | ||
| + | :*South-western US to north-western [[Mexico]] and Baja; winters to South America | ||
| + | *''P. p. melanogaster'': | ||
| + | :*South-eastern [[Arizona]] and [[New Mexico]] to Oaxaca; winters to South America | ||
| + | ''melanogaster'' is sometimes included in ''pyrrhonota'' but those sources then recognize a form ''minima''<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>. | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| − | Open country near buildings or cliffs; lakeshores and marshes on migration. | + | Open country near buildings or cliffs. Takes suburban area North ; lakeshores and marshes on migration. |
| − | Nesting 4-6 white eggs in a gourd-shaped structure of mud lined with feathers and placed on a sheltered cliff face or under eaves. | + | ==Behaviour== |
| + | ====Breeding==== | ||
| + | Nesting: 4-6 white eggs in a gourd-shaped structure of mud lined with feathers and placed on a sheltered cliff face or under eaves. Also nests on road bridges in large colonies. | ||
| − | == | + | ====Vocalisation==== |
| − | + | Constant squeaky chattering and twittering. | |
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug21}}#Lepage D. (2021) [Avibase - https://avibase.ca/1378C130 ]. Retrieved 2 April 2021 | ||
| + | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Petrochelidon | + | {{GSearch|"Petrochelidon pyrrhonota" {{!}} "Cliff Swallow"}} |
| − | [[Category:Birds]] | + | {{GS-checked}}1 |
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Petrochelidon]] | ||
Latest revision as of 11:22, 1 May 2024
- Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
Identification
5-6" (13-15 cm). Sparrow-sized. A stocky, square-tailed swallow with pale buff rump. Upperparts dull steel-blue; underparts buff-white; throat dark chestnut; forehead white.
Similar Species
Cave Swallow of Texas and Southwest is similar but smaller, with darker rump and pale buff throat. Mexican birds have chestnut foreheads.
Distribution
Breeds from Alaska, Ontario, and Nova Scotia southward through most of United States (except Southeast) and in northern half of Mexico. Winters in South America.
Taxonomy
Cliff Swallow has in the past been placed in genus Hirundo.
Photo by HelenB
Cliff Swallow nests on cliffs by the Rio Grande River, Big Bend National Park, Texas, April 2003
Cliff Swallow nests on cliffs by the Rio Grande River, Big Bend National Park, Texas, April 2003
Subspecies
Four different subspecies are recognized[1]:
- P. p. pyrrhonota:
- breeds North America from western Alaska to southeastern Canada south to northwestern Mexico (northern Baja California) and the United States (except for the southwest); winters in South America, from Bolivia and southern Brazil to east central Argentina. Since 2015 also breeding locally in east central Argentina (this subspecies?), nonbreeding from the southern United States south to Colombia and Venezuela
- P. p. ganieri:
- P. p. tachina:
- South-western US to north-western Mexico and Baja; winters to South America
- P. p. melanogaster:
- South-eastern Arizona and New Mexico to Oaxaca; winters to South America
melanogaster is sometimes included in pyrrhonota but those sources then recognize a form minima[2].
Habitat
Open country near buildings or cliffs. Takes suburban area North ; lakeshores and marshes on migration.
Behaviour
Breeding
Nesting: 4-6 white eggs in a gourd-shaped structure of mud lined with feathers and placed on a sheltered cliff face or under eaves. Also nests on road bridges in large colonies.
Vocalisation
Constant squeaky chattering and twittering.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Lepage D. (2021) [Avibase - https://avibase.ca/1378C130 ]. Retrieved 2 April 2021
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Cliff Swallow. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 19 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Cliff_Swallow
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
