(Additional images and some more info. References updated) |
(remove information related to Amazonian Grosbeak due to split) |
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[[Image:Pico Gordo Azul copy.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Subspecies ''cyanoides''<br />Photo by {{user|Luis+R|Luis R}}<br />Barinitas, [[Venezuela]], September 2014]] | [[Image:Pico Gordo Azul copy.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Subspecies ''cyanoides''<br />Photo by {{user|Luis+R|Luis R}}<br />Barinitas, [[Venezuela]], September 2014]] | ||
;[[: Category:Cyanoloxia|Cyanoloxia]] cyanoides | ;[[: Category:Cyanoloxia|Cyanoloxia]] cyanoides | ||
− | + | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
[[Image:6 Blue-black grosbeak P1050485.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female or young male, subspecies ''cyanoides''<br />Photo by {{user|njlarsen|njlarsen}}<br />San Francisco Reserve, eastern [[Panama]], January 2018]] | [[Image:6 Blue-black grosbeak P1050485.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female or young male, subspecies ''cyanoides''<br />Photo by {{user|njlarsen|njlarsen}}<br />San Francisco Reserve, eastern [[Panama]], January 2018]] | ||
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*Lighter blue rump | *Lighter blue rump | ||
*Brighter blue forehead and [[Topography#Heads|superciliary]] area | *Brighter blue forehead and [[Topography#Heads|superciliary]] area | ||
− | '''Female''': dark brown overall plumage | + | *The bill has a straight culmen and is large enough to seem like an extension of the crown. It is dark in the male, bluish grey in the female. |
+ | '''Female''': dark rufous-brown overall plumage | ||
+ | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
[[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]]: in)<br /> | [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]]: in)<br /> | ||
'''Central America''': [[Mexico]], [[Guatemala]], [[Belize]], [[Honduras]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Panama]]<br /> | '''Central America''': [[Mexico]], [[Guatemala]], [[Belize]], [[Honduras]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Costa Rica]], [[Panama]]<br /> | ||
− | '''South America''': [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], | + | '''South America''': [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], western [[Ecuador]], and north-westernmost [[Peru]]. It is mostly found west and north of the Andes but in Venezuela also on the eastern slope. |
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
+ | [[Amazonian Grosbeak]] has recently been split from this species. | ||
====Subspecies==== | ====Subspecies==== | ||
[[Image:Blue-Black_Grosbeak.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''concreta''<br />Photo by {{user|JWN+Andrewes|JWN Andrewes}}<br />Cockscomb, [[Belize]], March 2007]] | [[Image:Blue-Black_Grosbeak.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''concreta''<br />Photo by {{user|JWN+Andrewes|JWN Andrewes}}<br />Cockscomb, [[Belize]], March 2007]] | ||
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:*[[Nicaragua]] to [[Costa Rica]] and western [[Panama]] | :*[[Nicaragua]] to [[Costa Rica]] and western [[Panama]] | ||
*''C. c. cyanoides'': | *''C. c. cyanoides'': | ||
− | :*Central and eastern [[Panama]] to [[Colombia]], north-western [[Venezuela]] | + | :*Central and eastern [[Panama]] to [[Colombia]], north-western [[Venezuela]], western [[Ecuador]], and north-westernmost [[Peru]] |
− | + | ||
− | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Humid evergreen forest, thickets, and dense vegetation may also been seen in dry scrub. | Humid evergreen forest, thickets, and dense vegetation may also been seen in dry scrub. | ||
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Their mostly vegetarian diet consists of seeds, from grass, bamboo, maize and rice. | Their mostly vegetarian diet consists of seeds, from grass, bamboo, maize and rice. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
− | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug19}}#{{Ref-GillDonsker14V5.2}}#Avibase |
− | # | + | #Fitzgibbon, D. and N. L. Block (2020). Blue-black Grosbeak (Cyanoloxia cyanoides), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.bubgro1.01 |
+ | |||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== |
Revision as of 15:49, 22 August 2021
- Cyanoloxia cyanoides
Identification
17–18·5 cm (6¾-7¼ in)
Male
- Shiny blue-black overall plumage
- Lighter blue rump
- Brighter blue forehead and superciliary area
- The bill has a straight culmen and is large enough to seem like an extension of the crown. It is dark in the male, bluish grey in the female.
Female: dark rufous-brown overall plumage
Distribution
Central and South America: in)
Central America: Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama
South America: Colombia, Venezuela, western Ecuador, and north-westernmost Peru. It is mostly found west and north of the Andes but in Venezuela also on the eastern slope.
Taxonomy
Amazonian Grosbeak has recently been split from this species.
Subspecies
There are four subspecies[1]:
- C. c. concreta:
- C. c. toddi: (also known as caerulescens)
- Nicaragua to Costa Rica and western Panama
- C. c. cyanoides:
Habitat
Humid evergreen forest, thickets, and dense vegetation may also been seen in dry scrub.
Behaviour
Diet
Their mostly vegetarian diet consists of seeds, from grass, bamboo, maize and rice.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Gill, F and D Donsker (Eds). 2015. IOC World Bird Names (version 5.2). Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/.
- Avibase
- Fitzgibbon, D. and N. L. Block (2020). Blue-black Grosbeak (Cyanoloxia cyanoides), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.bubgro1.01
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Blue-black Grosbeak. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 21 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Blue-black_Grosbeak