(Image spacing for standard screen resolution.) |
(→References: Updated; proper citations, author credits.) |
||
Line 51: | Line 51: | ||
[[Image:BARTGODWIT019.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile ''L. l. lapponica''<br /> Photo © by {{user|I4ani|I4ani}}<br />Brignogan Plage, Brittany, [[France]], September 2008]] | [[Image:BARTGODWIT019.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile ''L. l. lapponica''<br /> Photo © by {{user|I4ani|I4ani}}<br />Brignogan Plage, Brittany, [[France]], September 2008]] | ||
[[Image:IMG 20190511 224716.jpg|thumb|350px|right|[[Bar-tailed Godwit]] left, [[Black-tailed Godwit]] right <br />Photo © by {{user|Andy+Hall|Andy Hall}}<br />Texel, Netherlands, 11 May 2019]] | [[Image:IMG 20190511 224716.jpg|thumb|350px|right|[[Bar-tailed Godwit]] left, [[Black-tailed Godwit]] right <br />Photo © by {{user|Andy+Hall|Andy Hall}}<br />Texel, Netherlands, 11 May 2019]] | ||
− | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug19}}#{{Ref-GillDonsker19V9.2}}#{{Ref-HBWVol3}}#Gill, R. E., Tibbitts, T. L., Douglas, D. C., Handel, C. M., Mulcahy, D. M., Gottschalck, J. C., Warnock, N., McCaffery, B. J., Battley, P. F., & Piersma, T. (2008). Extreme endurance flights by landbirds crossing the Pacific Ocean: ecological corridor rather than barrier? ''Proc Biol Sci''. [http://alaska.usgs.gov/science/biology/avian_influenza/pdfs/Gill_et_al_2008_Godwit_Migration.pdf 276 (1656): 447–457]. |
#BirdLife International. 2016. ''Limosa lapponica''. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22693158A93386492. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22693158A93386492.en. Downloaded on 26 March 2017. | #BirdLife International. 2016. ''Limosa lapponica''. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22693158A93386492. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22693158A93386492.en. Downloaded on 26 March 2017. | ||
#Gerard Hutching, 'Wading birds - Bar-tailed godwits', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/wading-birds/page-7 (accessed 26 March 2017) | #Gerard Hutching, 'Wading birds - Bar-tailed godwits', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/wading-birds/page-7 (accessed 26 March 2017) | ||
Line 58: | Line 58: | ||
#Van Gils, J., Wiersma, P., Sharpe, C.J. & Boesman, P. (2017). Bar-tailed Godwit (''Limosa lapponica''). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/53890 on 26 March 2017). | #Van Gils, J., Wiersma, P., Sharpe, C.J. & Boesman, P. (2017). Bar-tailed Godwit (''Limosa lapponica''). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/53890 on 26 March 2017). | ||
#Woodley, K. 2013. Bar-tailed godwit in Miskelly, C.M. (ed.) New Zealand Birds Online. www.nzbirdsonline.org.nz | #Woodley, K. 2013. Bar-tailed godwit in Miskelly, C.M. (ed.) New Zealand Birds Online. www.nzbirdsonline.org.nz | ||
− | # | + | #Fitter, R.S.R. & Richardson, R.A. (1966). Pocket Guide to British Birds. London: Collins. |
− | # | + | #{{Ref-Collins5th93}}#{{Ref-Grantetal99}}#[http://www.arthurgrosset.com/europebirds/bar-tailedgodwit.html Arthur Grosset's Birds] |
− | # | ||
− | #[http://www.arthurgrosset.com/europebirds/bar-tailedgodwit.html Arthur Grosset's Birds] | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
Revision as of 05:14, 5 November 2019
- Limosa lapponica
Identification
37–41 cm (14½-16 in)
In breeding plumage: belly rufous with no or little barring, upperparts dark, and bill slightly upturned, dark with paler base.
In non-breeding plumage: breast finely streaked grey, belly whitish, back grey with streaking, bill bicoloured with pink base, and long supercilium extending back past eye.
In juvenile plumage: breast pale buff-grey, back patterned with white and buffy-grey, upturned bill bicoloured, and long supercilium extending back past eye.
In flight: inner wings grey, outer wing dark grey; no wingbar. Tail finely barred grey. Rump and lower back white or grey, depending on subspecies.
Similar Species
Black-tailed Godwit, which has a straighter bill, solid black tail tip, and strong white wingbar (see comparison image[1]); and from Eurasian Curlew and Whimbrel which both have down-curved beaks.
Distribution
- Breeds in northern Palearctic: extreme northern Scandinavia (Norway, Finland, limited in Sweden), Arctic Russia (Kola Peninsula eastwards), and Alaska.
- Migration most active March to early June (south to north), and August-October (north to south). Seen regularly en route through the Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Atlantic coasts. Rare to find any distance inland.
- Winters to southern Africa and Australasia. Immature birds (one year old) often remain in the wintering range for their entire first summer.
Vagrancy
Vagrant north to Svalbard, Iceland and the Faroe Islands; Cyprus and eastern Mediterranean countries; Madeira and the Azores. Casual vagrant in North America on both coasts.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
Three subspecies currently accepted[1]:
- L. l. lapponica: Rump and lower back white; underwing white
- L. l. menzbieri: Intermediate; rump, lower back and underwing lightly barred grey.
- L. l. baueri: Rump and lower back barred grey as in the back and tail; underwing strongly barred.
- North-eastern Siberia to western Alaska; winters China to New Zealand.
Habitat
- Coastal estuaries and sheltered sandy shores.
- Arctic breeding habitat is lowland tundra; sometimes in upland areas and among trees.
Behaviour
A very strong migrant; L. l. baueri makes the longest non-stop flights of any bird, over 11,500 km from Alaska to New Zealand during autumn migration (but two stages on spring migration, with a stop-over on the east coast of China)[4].
Very gregarious in the winter, forming huge flocks with other waders at the water's edge.
Diet
The diet includes worms, snails and insects.
Breeding
It nests on the ground, usually in short vegetation, in marshy areas above the tree-line.
Vocalisation
<flashmp3>Limosa lapponica (song).mp3</flashmp3>
Bar-tailed Godwit audio clip
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Gill, F & D Donsker (Eds). 2019. IOC World Bird List (v9.2). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.9.2. Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/
- Del Hoyo, J, A Elliot, and J Sargatal, eds. 1996. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8487334207
- Gill, R. E., Tibbitts, T. L., Douglas, D. C., Handel, C. M., Mulcahy, D. M., Gottschalck, J. C., Warnock, N., McCaffery, B. J., Battley, P. F., & Piersma, T. (2008). Extreme endurance flights by landbirds crossing the Pacific Ocean: ecological corridor rather than barrier? Proc Biol Sci. 276 (1656): 447–457.
- BirdLife International. 2016. Limosa lapponica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22693158A93386492. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22693158A93386492.en. Downloaded on 26 March 2017.
- Gerard Hutching, 'Wading birds - Bar-tailed godwits', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/wading-birds/page-7 (accessed 26 March 2017)
- McCaffery, Brian J. and Robert E. Gill. (2001). Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lapponica), The Birds of North America (P. G. Rodewald, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from the Birds of North America: https://birdsna.org/Species-Account/bna/species/batgod DOI: 10.2173/bna.581
- Piersma, T., Lok, T., Chen, Y., Hassell, C. J., Yang, H.-Y., Boyle, A., Slaymaker, M., Chan, Y.-C., Melville, D. S., Zhang, Z.-W. and Ma, Z. (2016), Simultaneous declines in summer survival of three shorebird species signals a flyway at risk. J Appl Ecol, 53: 479ñ490. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12582
- Van Gils, J., Wiersma, P., Sharpe, C.J. & Boesman, P. (2017). Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lapponica). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/53890 on 26 March 2017).
- Woodley, K. 2013. Bar-tailed godwit in Miskelly, C.M. (ed.) New Zealand Birds Online. www.nzbirdsonline.org.nz
- Fitter, R.S.R. & Richardson, R.A. (1966). Pocket Guide to British Birds. London: Collins.
- Peterson, RT, G Mountfort and PAD Hollom. 1993. Collins Field Guide – Birds of Britain and Europe, 5th Revised edition. London: HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 978-0002199001
- Grant, P.J., K. Mullarney, L. Svensson, D. Zetterstrom (1999) Collins Bird Guide: The Most Complete Field Guide to the Birds of Britain and Europe. Harpercollins Pub Ltd ISBN 0 00 219728 6
- Arthur Grosset's Birds
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Bar-tailed Godwit. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 3 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Bar-tailed_Godwit
External Links