(Referenced for copied text.) |
(Taxonomy expanded. ABID link replaced. References) |
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| Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
*58cm. | *58cm. | ||
*Black above | *Black above | ||
| − | *Yellow neck | + | *Yellow neck sides |
*Whitish undersides are heavily streaked with brown | *Whitish undersides are heavily streaked with brown | ||
*Longish neck | *Longish neck | ||
| − | *Long yellow | + | *Long yellow bil<br /> |
| − | |||
'''Juvenile''' dark brown rather than black, otherwise similar to the adult | '''Juvenile''' dark brown rather than black, otherwise similar to the adult | ||
| − | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
Tropical [[Asia]] to[[ Australia]]. Breeds from south-east [[Pakistan]], throughout [[India]] to [[Sri Lanka]] and in western [[Burma]], southern [[China]] and Hainan, the [[Philippines]], southern [[Thailand]] and [[Indochina]], southern [[Malaya]], [[Sumatra]], [[Java]] and [[Timor]]. Also occurs in southern [[New Guinea]], the [[Bismarck Archipelago]] and [[Solomon Islands]] and in coastal western, northern and eastern [[Australia]]. | Tropical [[Asia]] to[[ Australia]]. Breeds from south-east [[Pakistan]], throughout [[India]] to [[Sri Lanka]] and in western [[Burma]], southern [[China]] and Hainan, the [[Philippines]], southern [[Thailand]] and [[Indochina]], southern [[Malaya]], [[Sumatra]], [[Java]] and [[Timor]]. Also occurs in southern [[New Guinea]], the [[Bismarck Archipelago]] and [[Solomon Islands]] and in coastal western, northern and eastern [[Australia]]. | ||
Chinese birds are migratory and winter in [[Malaysia]] and [[Indonesia]] but elsewhere this species appears to undergo dispersal governed by rains. | Chinese birds are migratory and winter in [[Malaysia]] and [[Indonesia]] but elsewhere this species appears to undergo dispersal governed by rains. | ||
| − | |||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
Some authorities place this species in the genus [[:Category:Ixobrychus|Ixobrychus]]. | Some authorities place this species in the genus [[:Category:Ixobrychus|Ixobrychus]]. | ||
''Ixobrychus flavicollis'' has three subspecies: | ''Ixobrychus flavicollis'' has three subspecies: | ||
| − | *''I. f. flavicollis'' | + | *''I. f. flavicollis'': |
| − | *''I. f. australis'' | + | :*[[India]] and South-eastern [[Asia]] to [[Indonesia]] and [[Philippines]] |
| − | *''I. f. woodfordi'' | + | *''I. f. australis'': |
| − | + | :*[[Mollucas]], [[New Guinea]] and Bismarck Archipelago to west, north and eastern [[Australia]] | |
| + | *''I. f. woodfordi'': | ||
| + | :*Solomon Islands | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Densely vegetated margins of lakes and ponds, forest swamps and riverbanks. | Densely vegetated margins of lakes and ponds, forest swamps and riverbanks. | ||
| − | |||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
Often nocturnal. | Often nocturnal. | ||
| − | |||
====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
| − | Nests are placed on a branch overhanging water and are a bed of sticks and reeds on a base of larger sticks. 3 | + | Nests are placed on a branch overhanging water and are a bed of sticks and reeds on a base of larger sticks. Both adults incubate the 3 to 5 eggs and rear the young. |
| − | |||
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
The diet includes frogs, reptiles, fish and invertebrates, snails, dragonflies, shrimps and crayfish. | The diet includes frogs, reptiles, fish and invertebrates, snails, dragonflies, shrimps and crayfish. | ||
| − | |||
====Vocalisation==== | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
A booming call. | A booming call. | ||
| − | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | Wikipedia | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thDec08}}#Wikipedia |
| + | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{GSearch|Ixobrychus+flavicollis}} | {{GSearch|Ixobrychus+flavicollis}} | ||
| + | *[http://www.aviceda.org/abid/birdimages.php?action=birdspecies&fid=49&bid=636 View more images of this species on the ABID] | ||
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Ixobrychus]] | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Ixobrychus]] | ||
Revision as of 23:20, 30 October 2009
- Ixobrychus flavicollis
Identification
Adult
- 58cm.
- Black above
- Yellow neck sides
- Whitish undersides are heavily streaked with brown
- Longish neck
- Long yellow bil
Juvenile dark brown rather than black, otherwise similar to the adult
Distribution
Tropical Asia toAustralia. Breeds from south-east Pakistan, throughout India to Sri Lanka and in western Burma, southern China and Hainan, the Philippines, southern Thailand and Indochina, southern Malaya, Sumatra, Java and Timor. Also occurs in southern New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands and in coastal western, northern and eastern Australia.
Chinese birds are migratory and winter in Malaysia and Indonesia but elsewhere this species appears to undergo dispersal governed by rains.
Taxonomy
Some authorities place this species in the genus Ixobrychus.
Ixobrychus flavicollis has three subspecies:
- I. f. flavicollis:
- India and South-eastern Asia to Indonesia and Philippines
- I. f. australis:
- Mollucas, New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago to west, north and eastern Australia
- I. f. woodfordi:
- Solomon Islands
Habitat
Densely vegetated margins of lakes and ponds, forest swamps and riverbanks.
Behaviour
Often nocturnal.
Breeding
Nests are placed on a branch overhanging water and are a bed of sticks and reeds on a base of larger sticks. Both adults incubate the 3 to 5 eggs and rear the young.
Diet
The diet includes frogs, reptiles, fish and invertebrates, snails, dragonflies, shrimps and crayfish.
Vocalisation
A booming call.
References
- Clements, JF. 2008. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2008. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019.
- Wikipedia
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Black Bittern. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Black_Bittern
