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Polytypic, consists of six subspecies<sup>[[#References|1]]</sup>: | Polytypic, consists of six subspecies<sup>[[#References|1]]</sup>: | ||
*''I. c. chrysocephalus'' | *''I. c. chrysocephalus'' | ||
| − | :*Eastern Colombia to Venezuela, Guianas, northern Brazil and north-eastern Peru; also Trinidad | + | :*Eastern [[Colombia]] to [[Venezuela]], [[Guianas]], northern [[Brazil]] and north-eastern [[Peru]]; also [[Trinidad]] |
:*Bright yellow crown, rump, thighs and wing epaulets | :*Bright yellow crown, rump, thighs and wing epaulets | ||
:*Has been recognised as a separate species (Moriche Oriole)<sup>[[#References|2]]</sup>. | :*Has been recognised as a separate species (Moriche Oriole)<sup>[[#References|2]]</sup>. | ||
*''I. c. cayanensis'' | *''I. c. cayanensis'' | ||
| − | :*Suriname to French Guiana, Amazonian Brazil, eastern Peru and eastern Bolivia | + | :*Suriname to [[French Guiana]], Amazonian [[Brazil]], eastern [[Peru]] and eastern [[Bolivia]] |
*''I. c. tibialis'' | *''I. c. tibialis'' | ||
| − | :*Eastern Brazil | + | :*Eastern [[Brazil]] |
*''I. c. valenciobuenoi'' | *''I. c. valenciobuenoi'' | ||
| − | :*South-eastern Brazil | + | :*South-eastern [[Brazil]] |
*''I. c. periporphyrus'' | *''I. c. periporphyrus'' | ||
| − | :*North-eastern Bolivia and adjacent western Brazil | + | :*North-eastern [[Bolivia]] and adjacent western [[Brazil]] |
*''I. c. pyrrhopterus'' | *''I. c. pyrrhopterus'' | ||
| − | :*South-eastern Bolivia to Paraguay, south-eastern Brazil, Uruguay and northern Argentina | + | :*South-eastern [[Bolivia]] to [[Paraguay]], south-eastern [[Brazil]], [[Uruguay]] and northern [[Argentina]] |
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Revision as of 11:58, 19 March 2009
- Icterus cayanensis
Photo of subspecies I. c. tibialis by Arthur Grosset
Photographed: Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil.
Photographed: Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil.
Photo most likely of subspecies I. c. valenciobuenoi by Pantanal1
Photographed: Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Photographed: Cuiaba, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Identification
Mostly black, the epaulet consisting of the upper wing-coverts. Some subspecies have a yellow epaulet and yellow thighs (e.g., I. c. tibialis) while other sub-species have an ochre-orange epaulet (see second photo).
Distribution
Most of South America.
Taxonomy
Polytypic, consists of six subspecies1:
- I. c. chrysocephalus
- I. c. cayanensis
- Suriname to French Guiana, Amazonian Brazil, eastern Peru and eastern Bolivia
- I. c. tibialis
- Eastern Brazil
- I. c. valenciobuenoi
- South-eastern Brazil
- I. c. periporphyrus
- I. c. pyrrhopterus
Habitat
Behaviour
References
- Clements, JF. 2008. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2008. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist.
- Sibley, CG and BL Monroe. 1996. Birds of the World, on diskette, Windows version 2.0. Charles G. Sibley, Santa Rosa, CA, USA.
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Epaulet Oriole. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 1 November 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Epaulet_Oriole
