(taxon, ref) |
(id, captions) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Incomplete}} | {{Incomplete}} | ||
| − | [[Image:Brown-backed_Chat_Tyrant.jpg|thumb|500px|right|Photo © by {{user|Oregonian|Oregonian}} <br />Nevado De Ruiz, near Manizales, Caldas, [[Colombia]], August 2006]] | + | [[Image:Brown-backed_Chat_Tyrant.jpg|thumb|500px|right|Subspecies ''ferruginea''<br />Photo © by {{user|Oregonian|Oregonian}} <br />Nevado De Ruiz, near Manizales, Caldas, [[Colombia]], August 2006]] |
;[[:Category:Ochthoeca|Ochthoeca]] fumicolor | ;[[:Category:Ochthoeca|Ochthoeca]] fumicolor | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| + | Upperside to crown is warm brown, with side of head about same color, but the supercilium is strong and pale. Underside is buff to rufous, wings dark with two prominent rufous wing bars. Tail is very dark but outer tail feathers are white. Eye, bill and legs are dark. | ||
| + | ====Variation==== | ||
| + | [[Image:Ty3.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Subspecies ''superciliosa'' (Rufous-browed Chat-tyrant)<br />Photo © by {{user|iainp|iainp}}<br />High Andes, [[Venezuela]], July 2010]] | ||
| + | Generally, birds are more bland and buff to the south with stronger rufous tones to the north and north-east. <br /> | ||
| + | Subspecies ''superciliosa'' differs significantly in being brighter rufous on undersides, supercilium being equally bright rufous and very broad, while it may have only one wing bar. It is also smaller with especially a shorter wing. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
[[South America]]: found in [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], [[Ecuador]], [[Peru]] and [[Bolivia]]. | [[South America]]: found in [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], [[Ecuador]], [[Peru]] and [[Bolivia]]. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
====Subspecies==== | ====Subspecies==== | ||
| − | |||
Five subspecies are recognized<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | Five subspecies are recognized<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | ||
*''O. f. superciliosa'': | *''O. f. superciliosa'': | ||
Revision as of 00:52, 24 March 2020
|
This article is incomplete. This article is missing one or more sections. You can help the BirdForum Opus by expanding it. |
|
- Ochthoeca fumicolor
Identification
Upperside to crown is warm brown, with side of head about same color, but the supercilium is strong and pale. Underside is buff to rufous, wings dark with two prominent rufous wing bars. Tail is very dark but outer tail feathers are white. Eye, bill and legs are dark.
Variation
Generally, birds are more bland and buff to the south with stronger rufous tones to the north and north-east.
Subspecies superciliosa differs significantly in being brighter rufous on undersides, supercilium being equally bright rufous and very broad, while it may have only one wing bar. It is also smaller with especially a shorter wing.
Distribution
South America: found in Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
Five subspecies are recognized[1]:
- O. f. superciliosa:
- Andes of western Venezuela (Trujillo, Mérida and eastern Táchira)
- O. f. fumicolor:
- O. f. ferruginea:
- Central and Western Andes of Colombia (Antioquia)
- O. f. brunneifrons:
- O. f. berlepschi:
HBWalive[4] did split this into two species: the first subspecies was called Rufous-browed Chat-tyrant (Ochthoeca superciliosa) while the rest was known as Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant. No other main taxonomic entity has agreed.
Habitat
Paramo and mountains observed at 3015m.
Behaviour
Manu Road, Quebrada at 3020m before reaching Ajcanacu Pass, Peru, July 2008
References
- Clements, JF. 2010. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2010. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/Clements%206.5.xls/view
- Avibase
- BF Member observations
- del Hoyo, J., Collar, N. & Kirwan, G.M. (2020). Rufous-browed Chat-tyrant (Ochthoeca superciliosa). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/1343716 on 23 March 2020).
- Farnsworth, A., J. del Hoyo, N. Collar, G. Langham, and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant (Ochthoeca fumicolor), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald, and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.bbctyr1.01
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 14 June 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Brown-backed_Chat-Tyrant
