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'''Alternative names: Neotropical Cormorant; Olivaceous Cormorant''' | '''Alternative names: Neotropical Cormorant; Olivaceous Cormorant''' | ||
| + | [[Image:Neotropic_or_Olivaceous_Cormorant.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Subspecies ''brasilianus''<br />Photo by {{user|Aracari|Aracari}} <br/>Location: Sao Paulo Botanical Gardens, [[Brazil]]. ]] | ||
;[[:Category:Phalacrocorax|Phalacrocorax]] brasilianus | ;[[:Category:Phalacrocorax|Phalacrocorax]] brasilianus | ||
| − | + | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | + | 58–73 cm (22¾-28¾ in)<br/> | |
W. 100 cm<br/> | W. 100 cm<br/> | ||
Weight 1-1.5 kg | Weight 1-1.5 kg | ||
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Brownish | Brownish | ||
====Similar species==== | ====Similar species==== | ||
| + | [[Image:Neotropic Cormorant juvenile Anahuac NWR.jpg|thumb|300px|right|First Year bird; subspecies ''mexicanus'' <br />Photo by {{user|Stanley+Jones|Stanley Jones}}<br />[[Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge]], Chambers County, [[Texas]], [[USA]], September 2017]] | ||
Compare especially to [[Double-crested Cormorant]] which differ in being larger and stockier, having shorter tail, rounded gular pouch, and yellow bare skin in the loral and supraloral area. Juvenile Double-crested Cormorant is paler on the breast and sometimes even head and neck when compared to same age Neotropic. | Compare especially to [[Double-crested Cormorant]] which differ in being larger and stockier, having shorter tail, rounded gular pouch, and yellow bare skin in the loral and supraloral area. Juvenile Double-crested Cormorant is paler on the breast and sometimes even head and neck when compared to same age Neotropic. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
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==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | + | Some field guides<sup>[[#References|2]]</sup> still use ''Phalacrocorax olivaceus'' for this species. | |
| + | ====Subspecies==== | ||
| + | Two subspecies are recognized<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | ||
| + | *''P. b. mexicanus'': | ||
| + | :*Extreme southern [[US]] to [[Nicaragua]], [[Bahamas]], [[Cuba]] and Isle of Pines | ||
| + | *''P. b. brasilianus'': | ||
| + | :*[[Costa Rica]] south through [[South America]] to Tierra del Fuego | ||
| + | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Sea shores, lakes, and marshes. It can be found in salt water, brackish water, as well as fresh water habitats. | Sea shores, lakes, and marshes. It can be found in salt water, brackish water, as well as fresh water habitats. | ||
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Dives from the surface, swimming well under water to chase prey. Often perches on logs, pilings, tree limbs, or even wires, sometimes spreading its wings in the sun to dry. Usually flies low over the surface of open water with strong, rapid wing beats. | Dives from the surface, swimming well under water to chase prey. Often perches on logs, pilings, tree limbs, or even wires, sometimes spreading its wings in the sun to dry. Usually flies low over the surface of open water with strong, rapid wing beats. | ||
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
| − | + | Their diet consists of small fish, tadpoles, frogs, crustaceans and aquatic insects. | |
====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
| − | + | Their nest is a platform of sticks with a depression in the centre circled with twigs and grass. The clutch consists of up to 5 chalky bluish-white eggs which are incubated by both adults for about 25–30 days. | |
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug17}}#2005 Ontario Bird Records Committee Report (http://www.ofo.ca/obrc/includes/2005OBRCReport.pdf) |
#Ridgely & Gwynne: A guide to the birds of Panama ISBN 0691025126 | #Ridgely & Gwynne: A guide to the birds of Panama ISBN 0691025126 | ||
#[http://www.azfo.org/journal/NECO_2008.html RADAMAKER and CORMAN] STATUS OF NEOTROPIC CORMORANT IN ARIZONA WITH NOTES ON IDENTIFICATION AND AGEING | #[http://www.azfo.org/journal/NECO_2008.html RADAMAKER and CORMAN] STATUS OF NEOTROPIC CORMORANT IN ARIZONA WITH NOTES ON IDENTIFICATION AND AGEING | ||
| + | #Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved Sept 2017) | ||
| + | #Wikipedia | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{GSearch|Phalacrocorax+brasilianus}} | {{GSearch|Phalacrocorax+brasilianus}} | ||
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Phalacrocorax]] | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Phalacrocorax]] | ||
Revision as of 23:16, 27 September 2017
Alternative names: Neotropical Cormorant; Olivaceous Cormorant
- Phalacrocorax brasilianus
Identification
58–73 cm (22¾-28¾ in)
W. 100 cm
Weight 1-1.5 kg
- Dark brown to blackish
- Yellow-brown throat patch (gular pouch) which at the rear ends in a sharp point
- Brownish feathering in the lores and supraloral area
Breeding
- White tufts on the sides of the head
- Throat patch develops a white edge
Juvenile
Brownish
Similar species
Photo by Stanley Jones
Anahuac National Wildlife Refuge, Chambers County, Texas, USA, September 2017
Compare especially to Double-crested Cormorant which differ in being larger and stockier, having shorter tail, rounded gular pouch, and yellow bare skin in the loral and supraloral area. Juvenile Double-crested Cormorant is paler on the breast and sometimes even head and neck when compared to same age Neotropic.
Distribution
North America: Mexico, Arizona, southern Texas, and locally in New Mexico. Accidental vagrant to California, Colorado, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, Illinois, Alabama and most remarkably Ontario1. The regular occurrence in Arizona is the result of a recent range expansion.
In the Caribbean found in Bahamas, Turks and Caicos, and Cuba.
Central America and South America: found throughout, including Tiera del Fuego at the southern tip of South America. The name, which hints that this is a tropical species therefore is wrong.
Taxonomy
Some field guides2 still use Phalacrocorax olivaceus for this species.
Subspecies
Two subspecies are recognized[1]:
- P. b. mexicanus:
- P. b. brasilianus:
- Costa Rica south through South America to Tierra del Fuego
Habitat
Sea shores, lakes, and marshes. It can be found in salt water, brackish water, as well as fresh water habitats.
Behaviour
Dives from the surface, swimming well under water to chase prey. Often perches on logs, pilings, tree limbs, or even wires, sometimes spreading its wings in the sun to dry. Usually flies low over the surface of open water with strong, rapid wing beats.
Diet
Their diet consists of small fish, tadpoles, frogs, crustaceans and aquatic insects.
Breeding
Their nest is a platform of sticks with a depression in the centre circled with twigs and grass. The clutch consists of up to 5 chalky bluish-white eggs which are incubated by both adults for about 25–30 days.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017, with updates to August 2017. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- 2005 Ontario Bird Records Committee Report (http://www.ofo.ca/obrc/includes/2005OBRCReport.pdf)
- Ridgely & Gwynne: A guide to the birds of Panama ISBN 0691025126
- RADAMAKER and CORMAN STATUS OF NEOTROPIC CORMORANT IN ARIZONA WITH NOTES ON IDENTIFICATION AND AGEING
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved Sept 2017)
- Wikipedia
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Neotropic Cormorant. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Neotropic_Cormorant
