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− | [[Image:Reed_Bunting.jpg|thumb| | + | [[Image:Reed_Bunting.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Male, nominate subspecies<br />Photo © by {{user|Richard+Ford|Richard Ford}}<br />[[Farlington Marshes]], [[Hampshire]], [[UK]], 17 April 2003]] |
'''Alternative name: Common Reed Bunting''' | '''Alternative name: Common Reed Bunting''' | ||
;[[:Category:Emberiza|Emberiza]] schoeniclus | ;[[:Category:Emberiza|Emberiza]] schoeniclus | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
− | + | 14-16.5 cm (5½-6½ in)<br /> | |
'''Breeding Male''' | '''Breeding Male''' | ||
Black head and throat, white neck collar and underparts, heavily streaked brown back, deeply notched tail with white edges.<br /> | Black head and throat, white neck collar and underparts, heavily streaked brown back, deeply notched tail with white edges.<br /> | ||
In '''winter''' the black is obscured by rufous-buff edging.<br /> | In '''winter''' the black is obscured by rufous-buff edging.<br /> | ||
− | The '''female''' and ''immature''' are much duller, though still heavily streaked, lacking the black head and white collar. A buff supercilium.<br /> | + | The '''female''' and '''immature''' are much duller, though still heavily streaked, lacking the black head and white collar. A buff [[Topography#Heads|supercilium]].<br /> |
− | Legs and | + | Legs reddish brown to black. Bill is dark and in most populations is small. |
====Similar species==== | ====Similar species==== | ||
− | [[Pallas's Bunting]] from eastern [[Siberia]] looks similar. However it's smaller, longer-tailed, the plumage is generally paler and it has a pale rump. | + | [[Image:reedbunting_female.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female, nominate subspecies<br />Photo © by {{user|postcardcv|postcardcv}}<br />[[Titchwell Marsh]] RSPB, [[UK]], 25 January 2006]] |
+ | [[Pallas's Bunting]] from eastern [[Siberia]] looks similar. However it's smaller, longer-tailed, the plumage is generally paler and it has a pale rump and gray rather than rufous lesser coverts. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
− | [[Europe]] and northern [[Asia]]. | + | [[Europe]] and northern [[Asia]]. It has occurred several times as a vagrant to [[North America]] in [[Alaska]]. |
+ | |||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
− | + | ||
− | [[Image: | + | ====Subspecies==== |
+ | [[Image:Reed Bunting21.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Male, nominate subspecies<br />Photo © by {{user|targetman|targetman}}<br />[[Lincolnshire]], [[UK]], 30 June 2008]] | ||
+ | [[Image:Reed bunting106.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''pyrrhulina''<br />Photo © by {{user|katastrofa|katastrofa}}<br />Yatsu-higata mudflats, Tokyo, [[Japan]], 22 March 2018]] | ||
+ | There are 19 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | ||
+ | *''E. s. lusitanica'': [[Portugal]] and northwestern [[Spain]] | ||
+ | *''E. s. schoeniclus'': [[British Isles]] and north-western [[Europe]] to central [[Russia]]; winters to North [[Africa]] | ||
+ | *''E. s. passerina'': Breeds northwestern [[Siberia]]; winters in southern [[Asia]], from northern [[India]] to western [[China]] | ||
+ | *''E. s. parvirostris'': Central Siberia and northern [[Mongolia]]; winters to northern [[China]] | ||
+ | *''E. s. pyrrhulina'': Transbaikalia to Kamchatka, Kuril Island, Sakhalin, Hokkaido | ||
+ | *''E. s. pallidior'': South-western Siberia; winters Caucasus to north-western [[India]] and Mongolia | ||
+ | *''E. s. stresemanni'': Eastern [[Austria]], [[Hungary]], northern [[Serbia]], and northwestern [[Romania]] | ||
+ | *''E. s. ukrainae'': Southern [[Russia]] to northern [[Ukraine]] and Volga River; winters to Caucasus | ||
+ | *''E. s. incognita'': Russia east of Volga to southern Urals, northern Kazakhstan; winters to north-western China | ||
+ | *''E. s. witherbyi'': Northwestern Morocco, eastern [[Spain]] (including the [[Balearic Islands]]), Mediterranean coast of [[France]], and [[Sardinia]] | ||
+ | *''E. s. intermedia'': [[Italy]] and [[Sicily]] east to [[Albania]] | ||
+ | *''E. s. tschusii'': [[Bulgaria]] and [[Romania]] east across the northern Black Sea to the Sea of Azov | ||
+ | *''E. s. reiseri'': [[Albania]], [[Macedonia]], and northern [[Greece]] | ||
+ | *''E. s. caspia'': Eastern Caucasus to western and southern [[Iran]], [[Syria]], adjacent south-eastern Turkey and north-eastern [[Iraq]] | ||
+ | *''E. s. korejewi'': Eastern Iran | ||
+ | *''E. s. pyrrhuloides'': Northern Caspian Sea region east to southeastern [[Kazakhstan]] | ||
+ | *''E. s. harterti'': Eextreme southern Russia (southern Tuva), extreme eastern Kazakhstan, northwestern China (Xinjiang), and western and central Mongolia | ||
+ | *''E. s. centralasiae'': Western China (Tarim Basin east to Lop Nur, Xinjiang) | ||
+ | *''E. s. zaidamensis'': Western China (Tsaidam basin in northern Qinghai) | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
'''Breeds''' in almost any kind of marshy place: reedbeds, river banks etc but in '''winter''' will be found on farmland, particularly stubble fields. | '''Breeds''' in almost any kind of marshy place: reedbeds, river banks etc but in '''winter''' will be found on farmland, particularly stubble fields. | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
+ | [[Image:IMG 16231.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Probably subspecies ''pyrrhuloides'', Thick-billed Reed Bunting<br />Photo © by {{user|Shahrzad|Shahrzad Fattahi}}<br />Tehran, [[Iran]], 24 January 2019]] | ||
Forms mixed flocks in winter with other buntings and finches. | Forms mixed flocks in winter with other buntings and finches. | ||
====Flight==== | ====Flight==== | ||
Erratic bursts of wing-beats. | Erratic bursts of wing-beats. | ||
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
− | + | Their diet consists mostly of seeds and other plant material with the addition of insects when feeding young. | |
====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
− | |||
They lay 4-7 eggs in a nest which is built in a bush or reeds | They lay 4-7 eggs in a nest which is built in a bush or reeds | ||
====Vocalisation==== | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
'''Song''': repetitious "tseek, tseek, tseek, tissick". | '''Song''': repetitious "tseek, tseek, tseek, tissick". | ||
− | + | {{ Audio|Emberiza schoeniclus (song).mp3 }} | |
− | ''[[Media:Emberiza schoeniclus (song).mp3| | + | ''[[Media:Emberiza schoeniclus (song).mp3|Reed Bunting voice clip]]'' |
==References== | ==References== | ||
− | # | + | [[Image:Juvenile reed bunting.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile, subspecies ''schoeniclus''<br />Photo © by {{user|katastrofa|katastrofa}}<br />[[Rainham Marshes]] RSPB Nature Reserve, [[UK]], 4 August 2019]] |
− | #Birdwatchers Pocket Guide ISBN 1-85732-804-3 | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug21}}#Hayman, P. & Hume, R. (2002) ''The New Birdwatchers Pocket Guide to Britain and Europe.'' Mitchell Beazley ISBN 1-85732-804-3 |
− | #Collins Pocket Guide to British Birds | + | #Fitter, R. (1966) ''Collins Pocket Guide to British Birds.'' Collins |
− | # | + | #{{Ref-Collins5th93}}#[https://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?p=3812399 ID thread discussing subspecies ''E. s. pyrrhuloides'']] |
+ | #Brazil, M.A. (1991) ''The Birds of Japan''. Smithsonian Inst. Press. | ||
+ | #Byers, C., J. Curson, and U. Olsson. (1995) ''Sparrows and Buntings: A Guide to the Sparrows and Buntings of North America and the World.'' Houghton Mifflin, Boston. | ||
+ | #Copete, J.L. & Christie, D.A. (2019). Reed Bunting (''Emberiza schoeniclus''). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/61900 on 8 April 2019). | ||
+ | #Howell, S.N.G., Lewington, I. & Russell, W. (2014) ''Rare Birds of North America''. Princeton Univ. Press | ||
+ | {{ref}} | ||
+ | |||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
− | {{GSearch|Emberiza | + | {{GSearch|"Emberiza schoeniclus" {{!}} "Reed Bunting"}} |
+ | {{GS-checked}}1 | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
− | + | <br /> | |
− | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Emberiza]][[Category:Bird Songs | + | |
+ | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Emberiza]] [[Category:Bird Songs]] |
Latest revision as of 21:44, 14 April 2023
Alternative name: Common Reed Bunting
- Emberiza schoeniclus
Identification
14-16.5 cm (5½-6½ in)
Breeding Male
Black head and throat, white neck collar and underparts, heavily streaked brown back, deeply notched tail with white edges.
In winter the black is obscured by rufous-buff edging.
The female and immature are much duller, though still heavily streaked, lacking the black head and white collar. A buff supercilium.
Legs reddish brown to black. Bill is dark and in most populations is small.
Similar species
Pallas's Bunting from eastern Siberia looks similar. However it's smaller, longer-tailed, the plumage is generally paler and it has a pale rump and gray rather than rufous lesser coverts.
Distribution
Europe and northern Asia. It has occurred several times as a vagrant to North America in Alaska.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
There are 19 subspecies[1]:
- E. s. lusitanica: Portugal and northwestern Spain
- E. s. schoeniclus: British Isles and north-western Europe to central Russia; winters to North Africa
- E. s. passerina: Breeds northwestern Siberia; winters in southern Asia, from northern India to western China
- E. s. parvirostris: Central Siberia and northern Mongolia; winters to northern China
- E. s. pyrrhulina: Transbaikalia to Kamchatka, Kuril Island, Sakhalin, Hokkaido
- E. s. pallidior: South-western Siberia; winters Caucasus to north-western India and Mongolia
- E. s. stresemanni: Eastern Austria, Hungary, northern Serbia, and northwestern Romania
- E. s. ukrainae: Southern Russia to northern Ukraine and Volga River; winters to Caucasus
- E. s. incognita: Russia east of Volga to southern Urals, northern Kazakhstan; winters to north-western China
- E. s. witherbyi: Northwestern Morocco, eastern Spain (including the Balearic Islands), Mediterranean coast of France, and Sardinia
- E. s. intermedia: Italy and Sicily east to Albania
- E. s. tschusii: Bulgaria and Romania east across the northern Black Sea to the Sea of Azov
- E. s. reiseri: Albania, Macedonia, and northern Greece
- E. s. caspia: Eastern Caucasus to western and southern Iran, Syria, adjacent south-eastern Turkey and north-eastern Iraq
- E. s. korejewi: Eastern Iran
- E. s. pyrrhuloides: Northern Caspian Sea region east to southeastern Kazakhstan
- E. s. harterti: Eextreme southern Russia (southern Tuva), extreme eastern Kazakhstan, northwestern China (Xinjiang), and western and central Mongolia
- E. s. centralasiae: Western China (Tarim Basin east to Lop Nur, Xinjiang)
- E. s. zaidamensis: Western China (Tsaidam basin in northern Qinghai)
Habitat
Breeds in almost any kind of marshy place: reedbeds, river banks etc but in winter will be found on farmland, particularly stubble fields.
Behaviour
Forms mixed flocks in winter with other buntings and finches.
Flight
Erratic bursts of wing-beats.
Diet
Their diet consists mostly of seeds and other plant material with the addition of insects when feeding young.
Breeding
They lay 4-7 eggs in a nest which is built in a bush or reeds
Vocalisation
Song: repetitious "tseek, tseek, tseek, tissick". Reed Bunting voice clip
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Hayman, P. & Hume, R. (2002) The New Birdwatchers Pocket Guide to Britain and Europe. Mitchell Beazley ISBN 1-85732-804-3
- Fitter, R. (1966) Collins Pocket Guide to British Birds. Collins
- Peterson, RT, G Mountfort and PAD Hollom. 1993. Collins Field Guide – Birds of Britain and Europe, 5th Revised edition. London: HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 978-0002199001
- ID thread discussing subspecies E. s. pyrrhuloides]
- Brazil, M.A. (1991) The Birds of Japan. Smithsonian Inst. Press.
- Byers, C., J. Curson, and U. Olsson. (1995) Sparrows and Buntings: A Guide to the Sparrows and Buntings of North America and the World. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
- Copete, J.L. & Christie, D.A. (2019). Reed Bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/61900 on 8 April 2019).
- Howell, S.N.G., Lewington, I. & Russell, W. (2014) Rare Birds of North America. Princeton Univ. Press
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Reed Bunting. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 23 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Reed_Bunting
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1