Difference between revisions of "Yellow-rumped Cacique" - BirdForum Opus

Latest revision as of 20:04, 11 October 2024

Photo by Stanley Jones
Salsipuedes, Junín, Peru, August 2017

Cacicus cela

Identification

Male 28 cm (11 in); female 23 cm (9 in)

Black overall plumage
Bright lower back, yellow rump, upper tail coverts, lower belly and wing epaulets
Long tail
Blue eyes
Pale yellow pointed bill

Female: smaller and duller than the male; juvenile resembles the female, with dark eyes and a brown bill base.

Distribution

Central and South America
Central America: Panama, Trinidad
South America: Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil

Taxonomy

Subspecies

There are three subspecies^[1]:

C. c. vitellinus:

Tropical eastern Panama (Canal Zone) to northern Colombia

C. c. flavicrissus:

Tropical western Ecuador to extreme north-western Peru (Tumbes)

C. c. cela:

Colombia to Venezuela, the Guianas, Amazonian Brazil and eastern Bolivia

Habitat

Open woodland or pastures with large trees; gallery and forest edges, savanna and plantations.

Behaviour

Breeding

They breed colonially, with up to 100 other pairs using the same tree, which may also house a wasp nest.

The sac-shaped nest is built by the female, who also incubates the eggs and takes care of the young.

The suspended nest is about 30-45 cm long. The clutch consists of 2 white to pale blue eggs with dark blotches. Incubation last 13-14 days with the young fledging after 34-40 days.

Diet

The diet consists of insects, arthropods, fruit and nectar.

Vocalisation

They have a wide range of calls, imitating not only a number of other birds, but also monkeys and otters.

References

Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017, with updates to August 2017. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
Avibase
Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved January 2016)
AvianWeb
BF Member observations

List of references

Recommended Citation

BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Yellow-rumped Cacique. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 10 November 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Yellow-rumped_Cacique

External Links

Search for photos of Yellow-rumped Cacique in the gallery

GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+[[Image:Yellow-rumpedCaciqueSJ.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|Stanley+Jones|Stanley Jones}}<br />Salsipuedes, Junín, [[Peru]], August 2017]]
 ;[[:Category:Cacicus|Cacicus]] cela
-[[Image:Yellow-rumped_Cacique.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by juninho<br />Photo taken: Botanical Gardens, Georgetown, [[Guyana]].]]
 ==Identification==
+Male 28 cm (11 in); female  23 cm (9 in)
--28cm.  Black plumage, bright yellow rump, tail base, lower belly and wing epaulets, long tail, blue eyes, and pale yellow pointed bill.  Female is smaller and duller black than the male; juvenile bird resembles the female, and has dark eyes and a brown bill base.
+*Black overall plumage
+*Bright lower back, yellow rump, upper tail [[Topography#General Anatomy|coverts]], lower belly and wing epaulets
+*Long tail
+*Blue eyes
+*Pale yellow pointed bill<br />
+'''Female''': smaller and duller than the male; juvenile resembles the female, with dark eyes and a brown bill base.
 ==Distribution==
-[[Panama]] and [[Trinidad]] south to [[Peru]], [[Bolivia]] and central [[Brazil]].
+[[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]]<br />
+'''Central America''': [[Panama]], [[Trinidad]]<br />
+'''South America''': [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]], [[French Guiana]], [[Ecuador]], [[Peru]], [[Bolivia]], and [[Brazil]]
 ==Taxonomy==
-There are three subspecies:
+====Subspecies====
+There are three subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
-* ''C. c. cela''  - east of the Andes from the Santa Marta coast of Colombia to central Bolivia and eastern Brazil
+*''C. c. vitellinus'':
+:*Tropical eastern [[Panama]] (Canal Zone) to northern [[Colombia]]
-*''C. c. vitellinus'' - Panama Canal Zone to the base of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the central Magdalena Valley of Colombia
+*''C. c. flavicrissus'':
+:*Tropical western [[Ecuador]] to extreme north-western [[Peru]] (Tumbes)
-*''C. c. flavicrissus'' - Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador to Tumbes Province, Peru.
+*''C. c. cela'':
+:*Colombia to [[Venezuela]], the [[Guianas]], Amazonian [[Brazil]] and eastern [[Bolivia]]
 ==Habitat==
-Open woodland or cultivation with large trees.
+Open woodland or pastures with large trees; gallery and forest edges, savanna and plantations.
 ==Behaviour==
-It is a colonial breeder, with up to 100 bag-shaped nests in a tree, which usually also contains an active wasp nest. The females build the nests, incubate, and care for the young. Each nest is 30–45 cm long and widens at the base, and is suspended from the end of a branch. 2 dark-blotched pale blue or white eggs are laid and are incubated for 13 or 14 days. The young fledge in 34 to 40 days, usually only one per nest.
+====Breeding====
+They breed colonially, with up to 100 other pairs using the same tree, which may also house a wasp nest.
-The diet includes large insects and fruit.
+The sac-shaped nest is built by the female, who also incubates the eggs and takes care of the young.
+The suspended nest is about 30-45 cm long. The clutch consists of 2 white to pale blue eggs with dark blotches. Incubation last 13-14 days with the young fledging after 34-40 days.
+====Diet====
+The diet consists of insects, arthropods, fruit and nectar.
+====Vocalisation====
+They have a wide range of calls, imitating not only a number of other birds, but also monkeys and otters.
+==References==
+#{{Ref-Clements6thAug17}}#Avibase
+#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved January 2016)
+#AvianWeb
+#BF Member observations
+{{ref}}
 ==External Links==
-{{GSearch|Cacicus+cela}}
+{{GSearch|"Cacicus cela" {{!}} "Yellow-rumped Cacique"}}
+{{GS-checked}}1
+<br />
+<br />
 [[Category:Birds]] [[Category: Cacicus]]