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| − | [[Image:03-03-08 222.jpg|thumb|450px|right|Male<br />Photo by {{user|birdimage|birdimage}}<br />Berlicum, [[Netherlands]], March 2008]] | + | [[Image:03-03-08 222.jpg|thumb|450px|right|Male<br />Photo © by {{user|birdimage|birdimage}}<br />Berlicum, [[Netherlands]], March 2008]] |
;[[:Category:Dryocopus|Dryocopus]] martius | ;[[:Category:Dryocopus|Dryocopus]] martius | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | + | 45–55 cm (17½-21½ in)<br /> | |
*Glossy black plumage | *Glossy black plumage | ||
| − | *White eye | + | *White eye (or more precisely [[Topography#Heads|iris]]); most if not all birds have a black spot on the iris that can make the pupil look tear-shaped or bar-shaped. |
*Bill: large greyish-white (5cm) dagger-shaped; broad at the base and tapering to a sharp tip. Darkish culmen ridge and tip | *Bill: large greyish-white (5cm) dagger-shaped; broad at the base and tapering to a sharp tip. Darkish culmen ridge and tip | ||
*Dull grey legs and feet<br /> | *Dull grey legs and feet<br /> | ||
| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
Occurs from [[Europe]] to the Pacific coast of northern [[Asia]]. | Occurs from [[Europe]] to the Pacific coast of northern [[Asia]]. | ||
| − | In the Western Palearctic the main breeding range is [[Scandinavia]] except the highest mountains and the far north and from [[Germany]] and [[Switzerland]] across [[Europe]] to the Urals and Caspian. In the south breeds as far as northern [[Greece]] but rare and local in [[Turkey]]. Scattered breeding populations in much of [[France]] and the [[Low Countries]], the Pyrenees and Cantabrians, southern Apennines, the eastern Balkans and isolated in the [[Caucasus]]. | + | In the Western Palearctic, the main breeding range is [[Scandinavia]] except the highest mountains and the far north and from [[Germany]] and [[Switzerland]] across [[Europe]] to the Urals and Caspian. In the south breeds as far as northern [[Greece]] but rare and local in [[Turkey]]. Scattered breeding populations in much of [[France]] and the [[Low Countries]], the Pyrenees and Cantabrians, southern Apennines, the eastern Balkans and isolated in the [[Caucasus]]. |
| − | [[Image:Black_Woodpecker.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo by {{user|Pasha|Pasha}}<br> Moscow, [[Russia]]]] | + | [[Image:Black_Woodpecker.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo © by {{user|Pasha|Pasha}}<br> Moscow, [[Russia]]]] |
| − | Breeds across northern [[Asia]] from the Urals to Kamchatka, Sakhalin and [[China]]. In [[Japan]] breeds on | + | Breeds across northern [[Asia]] from the Urals to Kamchatka, Sakhalin and [[China]]. In [[Japan]] breeds on Hokkaido and has bred in northern Honshu and there is an isolated population in western China. |
Mainly resident but small numbers are seen at [[Scandinavia|Scandinavian]] migration sites and juveniles disperse to some extent. Expanding range in north-western Europe, particularly in [[France]] and now found as far west as [[Brittany]]. | Mainly resident but small numbers are seen at [[Scandinavia|Scandinavian]] migration sites and juveniles disperse to some extent. Expanding range in north-western Europe, particularly in [[France]] and now found as far west as [[Brittany]]. | ||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
Vagrants have possibly reached [[Britain]] but despite now having been reported more than 80 times there are no accepted records. The English Channel does not seem to be an insurmountable barrier for this species as it has colonised the [[Denmark|Danish]] island of Bornholm which lies a similar distance from the mainland as that between northern [[France]] and [[Kent]]. | Vagrants have possibly reached [[Britain]] but despite now having been reported more than 80 times there are no accepted records. The English Channel does not seem to be an insurmountable barrier for this species as it has colonised the [[Denmark|Danish]] island of Bornholm which lies a similar distance from the mainland as that between northern [[France]] and [[Kent]]. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | ====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> | + | ====Subspecies==== |
| + | There are 2 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | ||
*''D. m. martius'': | *''D. m. martius'': | ||
:*Coniferous and beech forests of [[Eurasia]] | :*Coniferous and beech forests of [[Eurasia]] | ||
| Line 27: | Line 28: | ||
Mature forest, coniferous, deciduous or preferably mixed. In winter may occur in rather more open habitats. | Mature forest, coniferous, deciduous or preferably mixed. In winter may occur in rather more open habitats. | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| − | [[Image:Black Woodpecker1.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo by {{user|aritervo|aritervo}}<br />[[Finland]], city of Kajaani, April 2009]] | + | [[Image:Black Woodpecker1.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo © by {{user|aritervo|aritervo}}<br />[[Finland]], city of Kajaani, April 2009]] |
====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
| − | Nests in large | + | Nests in large trees, favours beech, pine or aspen, and 4 or more eggs are laid. Often drums from the highest tree in the area. |
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
| − | Frequently feeds on the ground. | + | Frequently feeds on the ground. Their main diet consists of various ants and their larvae. |
====Vocalisation==== | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
| − | '''Drum'': very loud and fast. Can be heard at distances of 2-4 km. | + | '''Drum''': very loud and fast. Can be heard at distances of 2-4 km.<br /> |
'''Call''': loud ''p'eee and ''kvi-vi-vi-vi'' | '''Call''': loud ''p'eee and ''kvi-vi-vi-vi'' | ||
| − | < | + | <br /> |
| − | + | <br /> | |
| + | {{ Audio|Dryocopus martius (song).mp3 }} | ||
| + | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug19}}#Birdwatchers Pocket Guide ISBN 1-85732-804-3 |
#Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6 | #Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6 | ||
| − | #The Spread of Black Woodpecker in Europe - Will It Reach Britain next? Birding World 11 (11) | + | #The Spread of Black Woodpecker in Europe - Will It Reach Britain next? Birding World 11 (11) Gerard Gorman. |
#Woodpeckers of Europe: A Study of the European Picidae. Gerard Gorman. ISBN 1-872842-05-4 | #Woodpeckers of Europe: A Study of the European Picidae. Gerard Gorman. ISBN 1-872842-05-4 | ||
| + | #[http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?p=1868378 Birdforum thread] discussing tear-shaped pupil in Black Woodpecker | ||
| + | #Winkler, H. and D. A. Christie (2020). Black Woodpecker (Dryocopus martius), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.blawoo1.01 | ||
| + | |||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Dryocopus | + | {{GSearch|"Dryocopus martius" {{!}} "Black woodpecker"}} |
| − | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Dryocopus]] [[Category:Bird Songs]] | + | <br /> |
| + | {{VSearch|"Dryocopus martius" {{!}} "Black woodpecker"}} | ||
| + | {{GS-checked}}1 | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Dryocopus]] [[Category:Bird Songs]] [[Category:Videos]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:52, 13 July 2023
- Dryocopus martius
Identification
45–55 cm (17½-21½ in)
- Glossy black plumage
- White eye (or more precisely iris); most if not all birds have a black spot on the iris that can make the pupil look tear-shaped or bar-shaped.
- Bill: large greyish-white (5cm) dagger-shaped; broad at the base and tapering to a sharp tip. Darkish culmen ridge and tip
- Dull grey legs and feet
Males- entire crown is red, females red hindcrown only
Distribution
Occurs from Europe to the Pacific coast of northern Asia.
In the Western Palearctic, the main breeding range is Scandinavia except the highest mountains and the far north and from Germany and Switzerland across Europe to the Urals and Caspian. In the south breeds as far as northern Greece but rare and local in Turkey. Scattered breeding populations in much of France and the Low Countries, the Pyrenees and Cantabrians, southern Apennines, the eastern Balkans and isolated in the Caucasus.
Breeds across northern Asia from the Urals to Kamchatka, Sakhalin and China. In Japan breeds on Hokkaido and has bred in northern Honshu and there is an isolated population in western China.
Mainly resident but small numbers are seen at Scandinavian migration sites and juveniles disperse to some extent. Expanding range in north-western Europe, particularly in France and now found as far west as Brittany.
Vagrants have possibly reached Britain but despite now having been reported more than 80 times there are no accepted records. The English Channel does not seem to be an insurmountable barrier for this species as it has colonised the Danish island of Bornholm which lies a similar distance from the mainland as that between northern France and Kent.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
There are 2 subspecies[1]:
- D. m. martius:
- Coniferous and beech forests of Eurasia
- D. m. khamensis:
Habitat
Mature forest, coniferous, deciduous or preferably mixed. In winter may occur in rather more open habitats.
Behaviour
Breeding
Nests in large trees, favours beech, pine or aspen, and 4 or more eggs are laid. Often drums from the highest tree in the area.
Diet
Frequently feeds on the ground. Their main diet consists of various ants and their larvae.
Vocalisation
Drum: very loud and fast. Can be heard at distances of 2-4 km.
Call: loud p'eee and kvi-vi-vi-vi
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Birdwatchers Pocket Guide ISBN 1-85732-804-3
- Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6
- The Spread of Black Woodpecker in Europe - Will It Reach Britain next? Birding World 11 (11) Gerard Gorman.
- Woodpeckers of Europe: A Study of the European Picidae. Gerard Gorman. ISBN 1-872842-05-4
- Birdforum thread discussing tear-shaped pupil in Black Woodpecker
- Winkler, H. and D. A. Christie (2020). Black Woodpecker (Dryocopus martius), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.blawoo1.01
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Black Woodpecker. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 27 December 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Black_Woodpecker
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
