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| − | [[Image:Grey-lined_Hawk.jpg|thumb|450px|right|Subspecies ''blakei''<br />Photo by {{user|Glen+Tepke|Glen Tepke}}<br />Old Gamboa Road, [[Panama]], January 2004]] | + | [[Image:Grey-lined_Hawk.jpg|thumb|450px|right|Subspecies ''blakei''<br />Photo © by {{user|Glen+Tepke|Glen Tepke}}<br />Old Gamboa Road, [[Panama]], January 2004]] |
;[[:Category:Buteo|Buteo]] nitidus | ;[[:Category:Buteo|Buteo]] nitidus | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| + | 38–46 cm (15-18 in)<br /> | ||
Adults are generally easily recognized by the gray-and-white barred underparts and broadly white-banded black tail except in [[Costa Rica]] where [[Gray Hawk]] may be adjacent or overlapping in range. | Adults are generally easily recognized by the gray-and-white barred underparts and broadly white-banded black tail except in [[Costa Rica]] where [[Gray Hawk]] may be adjacent or overlapping in range. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | [[Image:21556IMG 0939bf.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Immature<br />Photo © by {{user|luis+jelenszky|luis jelenszky}}<br />La Mesa, [[Panama]], September 2005]] | ||
From southwest-most [[Costa Rica]], through [[Panama]] and most of lowland N. and C. [[South America]], as far south as SW [[Ecuador]] on the Pacific coast and N. [[Argentina]] east of the Andes. <br /> | From southwest-most [[Costa Rica]], through [[Panama]] and most of lowland N. and C. [[South America]], as far south as SW [[Ecuador]] on the Pacific coast and N. [[Argentina]] east of the Andes. <br /> | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | [[Gray Hawk]], ''Buteo plagiatus'', was formerly considered conspecific with this species. The common name for the species was Gray Hawk then. | + | [[Gray Hawk]], ''Buteo plagiatus'', was formerly considered [[Dictionary_A-C#C|conspecific]] with this species. The common name for the species was Gray Hawk then. |
| − | [[ | + | ====''Asturina'' vs. ''Buteo''==== |
| + | Formerly placed in the monotypic genus ''[[:Category:Asturina|Asturina]]''. Riesing ''et al.'' (2003) presented genetic data indicating that ''Asturina'' is nested within ''Buteo''. This reclassification is supported by virtually all authorities since then: Banks et al. (2006), AOU (2006 supplement), Clements (2007), SACC (2006). The Opus follows in this consensus. | ||
====Subspecies==== | ====Subspecies==== | ||
| + | [[Image:46CDE9A4-8DA9-469B-B417-C4F243423A65.jpeg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile<br />Photo © by {{user|rka|rka}}<br />Aranguez, [[Trinidad]], October 2018]] | ||
There are 3 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | There are 3 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | ||
*''B. n. blakei'' (formerly ''costaricensis'') from southwest [[Costa Rica]] to northern [[Colombia]] and western [[Ecuador]] | *''B. n. blakei'' (formerly ''costaricensis'') from southwest [[Costa Rica]] to northern [[Colombia]] and western [[Ecuador]] | ||
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*''B. n. pallidus'' south-central [[Brazil]] to eastern [[Bolivia]], [[Paraguay]] and northern [[Argentina]] | *''B. n. pallidus'' south-central [[Brazil]] to eastern [[Bolivia]], [[Paraguay]] and northern [[Argentina]] | ||
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| − | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Woodland and forest, but sometimes in more open habitats with scattered trees. Mainly in lowlands, but locally up to 1800 m (5900 ft). Generally fairly common, but rarer in its limited US range. | Woodland and forest, but sometimes in more open habitats with scattered trees. Mainly in lowlands, but locally up to 1800 m (5900 ft). Generally fairly common, but rarer in its limited US range. | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug18}}#{{Ref-GillDonsker12V3.2}}#[http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=196527 Birdforum thread] discussing the taxonomy of Gray Hawk |
#[http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=214277 Birdforum thread] discussing AOU proposals including one to split Gray Hawk in two parts | #[http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=214277 Birdforum thread] discussing AOU proposals including one to split Gray Hawk in two parts | ||
#[http://www.globalraptors.org/grin/researchers/uploads/155/millsap_et_al._gray_hawk.pdf Paper] describing the differences between Gray Hawk and Gray-lined Hawk | #[http://www.globalraptors.org/grin/researchers/uploads/155/millsap_et_al._gray_hawk.pdf Paper] describing the differences between Gray Hawk and Gray-lined Hawk | ||
Revision as of 22:12, 6 October 2018
- Buteo nitidus
Identification
38–46 cm (15-18 in)
Adults are generally easily recognized by the gray-and-white barred underparts and broadly white-banded black tail except in Costa Rica where Gray Hawk may be adjacent or overlapping in range.
Distribution
From southwest-most Costa Rica, through Panama and most of lowland N. and C. South America, as far south as SW Ecuador on the Pacific coast and N. Argentina east of the Andes.
Taxonomy
Gray Hawk, Buteo plagiatus, was formerly considered conspecific with this species. The common name for the species was Gray Hawk then.
Asturina vs. Buteo
Formerly placed in the monotypic genus Asturina. Riesing et al. (2003) presented genetic data indicating that Asturina is nested within Buteo. This reclassification is supported by virtually all authorities since then: Banks et al. (2006), AOU (2006 supplement), Clements (2007), SACC (2006). The Opus follows in this consensus.
Subspecies
There are 3 subspecies[1]:
- B. n. blakei (formerly costaricensis) from southwest Costa Rica to northern Colombia and western Ecuador
- B. n. nitidus from eastern Colombia and Ecuador to the Guianas and Amazonian Brazil
- B. n. pallidus south-central Brazil to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay and northern Argentina
Habitat
Woodland and forest, but sometimes in more open habitats with scattered trees. Mainly in lowlands, but locally up to 1800 m (5900 ft). Generally fairly common, but rarer in its limited US range.
Behavior
Diet
Feeds on a wide range of small animals, mostly reptiles, but also birds, rodents and insects.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2018. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2018. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Gill, F and D Donsker (Eds). 2012. IOC World Bird Names (version 3.2). Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/.
- Birdforum thread discussing the taxonomy of Gray Hawk
- Birdforum thread discussing AOU proposals including one to split Gray Hawk in two parts
- Paper describing the differences between Gray Hawk and Gray-lined Hawk
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2025) Gray-lined Hawk. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 10 May 2025 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Gray-lined_Hawk
