| Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
Northern boreal [[Europe]], [[Russia]], and [[North America]].<br /> | Northern boreal [[Europe]], [[Russia]], and [[North America]].<br /> | ||
| − | North America: breeds in [[Alaska]], much of [[Canada]] and along Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada in western [[USA]] | + | North America: breeds in [[Alaska]], much of [[Canada]] and along Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada in western [[USA]]. Winter visitor to north-western and north-eastern USA. |
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
Revision as of 17:24, 24 November 2014
- Pinicola enucleator
Identification
18·5–25·5 cm
- Large, conical bill
- Long, forked tail
Adult Males
- Deep rose red on the head, face, rump, and underparts
- Back and scapulars pink mottled with black
- Wings and tail black -the wings with two distinct white wing bars
- White edges on the tertial feathers
- Lower belly is whitish
- Thighs, undertail coverts, and flanks, to some extent, are grey
- Legs and feet are dark brown or black
Adult Females
- Lack any pink
- Grey above with a variably orange or yellow-brown head, nape, and face
- Lores and cheeks are greyish
- Chin, throat, and breast are light grey
- Yellowish tints on the lower throat and breast
- Wings and tail are dark brown and show two wing bars
- Flight feathers have white edges
Distribution
Northern boreal Europe, Russia, and North America.
North America: breeds in Alaska, much of Canada and along Rocky Mountains and Sierra Nevada in western USA. Winter visitor to north-western and north-eastern USA.
Taxonomy
Recent results indicate that the birds in Europe and North America are diverged enough to be different species[2].
Subspecies
Eleven subspecies are recognized[1]:
- P. e. enucleator: Northern Scandinavia to Russia and western Siberia (Yenisey River)
- P. e. pacata: Siberia (east of Yenisey Rier) to Altai Mountains, Mongolia and Manchuria
- P. e. kamtschatkensis: Western Siberia (Anadyr River) to Kamchatka Peninsula
- P. e. sakhalinensis: Sakhalin, Kuril Islands and high mountains of Hokkaido
- P. e. alascensis: North-western Alaska to north-western Mackenzie and north-eastern British Columbia; winters to north-western US
- P. e. flammula: Southern Alaska to north-western British Columbia; winters to north-western US
- P. e. carlottae: Islands and coasts from Queen Charlotte Islands to Vancouver Island
- P. e. montana: Interior central British Columbia to Rocky Mountains of south-western US
- P. e. californica: Sierra Nevada Mountains (eastern California)
- P. e. leucura: Central and eastern Canada; winters to north-eastern US
- P. e. eschatosa : Central Quebec and Newfoundland to New England states
Habitat
Coniferous woods, pond and stream edges, and the edges of open fields and marshes.
Behaviour
Diet
Includes the buds of many trees, including maple, birch, apple, mountain ash, poplar, and willow and the fruits of crab apple, bittersweet, barberry, and mountain ash, and the seeds of birch, pine, and spruce trees. Also grass and weed seeds and various insects.
Vocalisations
Similar to Purple Finch's song, but it varies more in pitch and has more distinct, less-slurred notes.
<flashmp3>Pinicola enucleator (song).mp3</flashmp3>
Listen in an external program
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2014. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.9., with updates to August 2014. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Thread in Taxonomy forum discussing recent results relevant to taxonomy of Pine Grosbeak (from post 5 onwards)
- BirdSource
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Pine Grosbeak. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 7 June 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Pine_Grosbeak
External Links
