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Underparts of the Gray Kingbird are light grey to almost white, darkest on the upper breast. Upperside is medium gray with darker tail, primaries, and top of head. Tail shows a slight fork at the very end. The side of the head shows a more or less strongly contrasting black <nowiki>"bandits mask"</nowiki>. The bill is strong, black, and relatively wide at the base. In the crown is an area with a concealed yellow-orange patch, which very rarely is visible. Field guides sometimes mention that there should be no yellow in the plumage apart from the concealed crown patch. That seems to be wrong, the undertail coverts, and less often the entire underside may look light yellowish to the human eye as well as to the camera; study of museum bird indicate that this feature is found in some juvenile birds. | Underparts of the Gray Kingbird are light grey to almost white, darkest on the upper breast. Upperside is medium gray with darker tail, primaries, and top of head. Tail shows a slight fork at the very end. The side of the head shows a more or less strongly contrasting black <nowiki>"bandits mask"</nowiki>. The bill is strong, black, and relatively wide at the base. In the crown is an area with a concealed yellow-orange patch, which very rarely is visible. Field guides sometimes mention that there should be no yellow in the plumage apart from the concealed crown patch. That seems to be wrong, the undertail coverts, and less often the entire underside may look light yellowish to the human eye as well as to the camera; study of museum bird indicate that this feature is found in some juvenile birds. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | Nominate subspecies is found from coastal [[Florida]] to northern [[South America]] and [[Trinidad]] including part of the [[Caribbean]], while subspecies ''vorax'' is found in the [[Lesser Antilles]]. Both subspecies are at least partial migrants in part of their ranges. Rare to casual vagrant west along coastal to [[Texas]] and north along the Atlantic coast to the maritime provinces. | + | Nominate subspecies is found from coastal [[Florida]] to northern [[South America]] and [[Trinidad]] including part of the [[Caribbean]], while subspecies ''vorax'' is found in the [[Lesser Antilles]]. Both subspecies are at least partial migrants in part of their ranges. |
| + | |||
| + | Rare to casual vagrant west along coastal to [[Texas]] and north along the Atlantic coast to the maritime provinces. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | + | ====Subspecies==== | |
| + | This is a [[Dictionary_M-S#M|polytypic]] species, consisting of two subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | ||
| + | *''T. d. dominicensis'': | ||
| + | :*Coastal south-eastern [[US]] to [[Colombia]] and [[Venezuela]]; [[Trinidad]]; [[Netherlands Antilles]] | ||
| + | *''T. d. vorax'': | ||
| + | :*[[Lesser Antilles]]; winters to Trinidad and the [[Guianas]] | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Gardens, agricultural areas with some trees and other semiopen areas. | Gardens, agricultural areas with some trees and other semiopen areas. | ||
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The Gray Kingbird can be very aggressive, with reported attacks on passing [[Magnificent Frigatebird]]s and [[Brown Pelican]]s, birds 4-5 times longer than themselves and even more disproportionate in weight. At least in [[Dominica]], no other birds dare to flycatch from the top of trees and bushes, they try to stay concealed to avoid confrontations. | The Gray Kingbird can be very aggressive, with reported attacks on passing [[Magnificent Frigatebird]]s and [[Brown Pelican]]s, birds 4-5 times longer than themselves and even more disproportionate in weight. At least in [[Dominica]], no other birds dare to flycatch from the top of trees and bushes, they try to stay concealed to avoid confrontations. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | # Birdforum [http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=148799 thread] discussing Grey Kingbird | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thDec10}}#Birdforum [http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=148799 thread] discussing Grey Kingbird |
| + | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Tyrannus+dominicensis}} | + | {{GSearch|Tyrannus+dominicensis}} |
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | {{Video|Gray_Kingbird}} | ||
| − | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Tyrannus]] | + | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Tyrannus]] [[Category:Videos]] |
Revision as of 21:18, 8 January 2011
- Tyrannus dominicensis
Identification
Underparts of the Gray Kingbird are light grey to almost white, darkest on the upper breast. Upperside is medium gray with darker tail, primaries, and top of head. Tail shows a slight fork at the very end. The side of the head shows a more or less strongly contrasting black "bandits mask". The bill is strong, black, and relatively wide at the base. In the crown is an area with a concealed yellow-orange patch, which very rarely is visible. Field guides sometimes mention that there should be no yellow in the plumage apart from the concealed crown patch. That seems to be wrong, the undertail coverts, and less often the entire underside may look light yellowish to the human eye as well as to the camera; study of museum bird indicate that this feature is found in some juvenile birds.
Distribution
Nominate subspecies is found from coastal Florida to northern South America and Trinidad including part of the Caribbean, while subspecies vorax is found in the Lesser Antilles. Both subspecies are at least partial migrants in part of their ranges.
Rare to casual vagrant west along coastal to Texas and north along the Atlantic coast to the maritime provinces.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
This is a polytypic species, consisting of two subspecies[1]:
- T. d. dominicensis:
- Coastal south-eastern US to Colombia and Venezuela; Trinidad; Netherlands Antilles
- T. d. vorax:
- Lesser Antilles; winters to Trinidad and the Guianas
Habitat
Gardens, agricultural areas with some trees and other semiopen areas.
Behavior
The Gray Kingbird can be very aggressive, with reported attacks on passing Magnificent Frigatebirds and Brown Pelicans, birds 4-5 times longer than themselves and even more disproportionate in weight. At least in Dominica, no other birds dare to flycatch from the top of trees and bushes, they try to stay concealed to avoid confrontations.
References
- Clements, JF. 2010. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2010. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/Clements%206.5.xls/view
- Birdforum thread discussing Grey Kingbird
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Gray Kingbird. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 23 November 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Gray_Kingbird
External Links
