Jim LeNomenclatoriste
Je suis un mignon petit Traquet rubicole
A existentialist question: why the Fiscal Flycatcher is named Fiscal?
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Robins are flycatchers? (7 Viewers)
- Thread starter Pete Mella
- Start date
Fiscal Flycatcher - SANBI
Derivation of scientific name The species name silens is based on the Latin word for ‘silence’ or ‘resting’; describing these birds’ relatively quiet nature. The Fiscal Flycatcher gets its English and Afrikaans common names from its resemblance to the Common Fiscal, a species of shrike also...
www.sanbi.org
Jim LeNomenclatoriste
Je suis un mignon petit Traquet rubicole
It's original but thanksFiscal Flycatcher - SANBI
Derivation of scientific name The species name silens is based on the Latin word for ‘silence’ or ‘resting’; describing these birds’ relatively quiet nature. The Fiscal Flycatcher gets its English and Afrikaans common names from its resemblance to the Common Fiscal, a species of shrike also...
albertonykus
Well-known member
Cavill, E.L., H.E. Morales, X. Sun, M.V. Westbury, C. van Oosterhout, W. Accouche, A. Zora, M.J. Schulze, N. Shah, P.-A. Adam, M.L. Brooke, P. Sweet, S. Gopalakrishnan, and M.T.P. Gilbert (2024)
When birds of a feather flock together: severe genomic erosion and the implications for genetic rescue in an endangered island passerine
Evolutionary Applications 17: e13739
doi: 10.1111/eva.13739
The Seychelles magpie-robin's (SMR) five island populations exhibit some of the lowest recorded levels of genetic diversity among endangered birds, and high levels of inbreeding. These populations collapsed during the 20th century, and the species was listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List in 1994. An assisted translocation-for-recovery program initiated in the 1990s increased the number of mature individuals, resulting in its downlisting to Endangered in 2005. Here, we explore the temporal genomic erosion of the SMR based on a dataset of 201 re-sequenced whole genomes that span the past ~150 years. Our sample set includes individuals that predate the bottleneck by up to 100 years, as well as individuals from contemporary populations established during the species recovery program. Despite the SMR's recent demographic recovery, our data reveal a marked increase in both the genetic load and realized load in the extant populations when compared to the historical samples. Conservation management may have reduced the intensity of selection by increasing juvenile survival and relaxing intraspecific competition between individuals, resulting in the accumulation of loss-of-function mutations (i.e. severely deleterious variants) in the rapidly recovering population. In addition, we found a 3-fold decrease in genetic diversity between temporal samples. While the low genetic diversity in modern populations may limit the species' adaptability to future environmental changes, future conservation efforts (including IUCN assessments) may also need to assess the threats posed by their high genetic load. Our computer simulations highlight the value of translocations for genetic rescue and show how this could halt genomic erosion in threatened species such as the SMR.
When birds of a feather flock together: severe genomic erosion and the implications for genetic rescue in an endangered island passerine
Evolutionary Applications 17: e13739
doi: 10.1111/eva.13739
The Seychelles magpie-robin's (SMR) five island populations exhibit some of the lowest recorded levels of genetic diversity among endangered birds, and high levels of inbreeding. These populations collapsed during the 20th century, and the species was listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List in 1994. An assisted translocation-for-recovery program initiated in the 1990s increased the number of mature individuals, resulting in its downlisting to Endangered in 2005. Here, we explore the temporal genomic erosion of the SMR based on a dataset of 201 re-sequenced whole genomes that span the past ~150 years. Our sample set includes individuals that predate the bottleneck by up to 100 years, as well as individuals from contemporary populations established during the species recovery program. Despite the SMR's recent demographic recovery, our data reveal a marked increase in both the genetic load and realized load in the extant populations when compared to the historical samples. Conservation management may have reduced the intensity of selection by increasing juvenile survival and relaxing intraspecific competition between individuals, resulting in the accumulation of loss-of-function mutations (i.e. severely deleterious variants) in the rapidly recovering population. In addition, we found a 3-fold decrease in genetic diversity between temporal samples. While the low genetic diversity in modern populations may limit the species' adaptability to future environmental changes, future conservation efforts (including IUCN assessments) may also need to assess the threats posed by their high genetic load. Our computer simulations highlight the value of translocations for genetic rescue and show how this could halt genomic erosion in threatened species such as the SMR.
albertonykus
Well-known member
Voelker, G., G.O.U. Wogan, J.W. Huntley, P.M. Kaliba, D.H. de Swardt, and R.C.K. Bowie (2024)
Climate cycling did not affect haplotype distribution in an abundant Southern African avian habitat generalist species, the familiar chat (Oenanthe familiaris)
Integrative Zoology (advance online publication)
doi: 10.1111/1749-4877.12879
Avian species diversity in Southern Africa is remarkably high, yet the mechanisms responsible for that diversity are poorly understood. While this is particularly true with respect to species endemic to the subregion, it is unclear as to how more broadly distributed African species may have colonized southern Africa. One process that may in part account for the high bird species diversity in southern Africa is a “species pump” model, wherein the region was repeatedly colonized by lineages from areas further north: a pattern related to climate cycling and the eastern African arid corridor. Once occupying southern Africa, with its many varied biomes, it is possible that climate cycling further affected lineages by generating genetic diversity in multiple refugia, a pattern recently shown for several southern African bird species. Here, we used mtDNA to address these questions in a widespread, sedentary habitat generalist bird species, the familiar chat (Oenanthe familiaris). The phylogenetic structure suggests a north-to-south colonization pattern, supporting the “species pump” model. Haplotype diversity was partitioned into two distinct clusters: southern Africa and Malawi (East Africa). Southern African haplotypes were not geographically partitioned, and we hypothesize that this pattern has arisen because this species is a habitat generalist, and as such resilient to habitat-altering climate perturbations. Based on our phylogenetic results, we discuss the validity of currently recognized subspecies.
Climate cycling did not affect haplotype distribution in an abundant Southern African avian habitat generalist species, the familiar chat (Oenanthe familiaris)
Integrative Zoology (advance online publication)
doi: 10.1111/1749-4877.12879
Avian species diversity in Southern Africa is remarkably high, yet the mechanisms responsible for that diversity are poorly understood. While this is particularly true with respect to species endemic to the subregion, it is unclear as to how more broadly distributed African species may have colonized southern Africa. One process that may in part account for the high bird species diversity in southern Africa is a “species pump” model, wherein the region was repeatedly colonized by lineages from areas further north: a pattern related to climate cycling and the eastern African arid corridor. Once occupying southern Africa, with its many varied biomes, it is possible that climate cycling further affected lineages by generating genetic diversity in multiple refugia, a pattern recently shown for several southern African bird species. Here, we used mtDNA to address these questions in a widespread, sedentary habitat generalist bird species, the familiar chat (Oenanthe familiaris). The phylogenetic structure suggests a north-to-south colonization pattern, supporting the “species pump” model. Haplotype diversity was partitioned into two distinct clusters: southern Africa and Malawi (East Africa). Southern African haplotypes were not geographically partitioned, and we hypothesize that this pattern has arisen because this species is a habitat generalist, and as such resilient to habitat-altering climate perturbations. Based on our phylogenetic results, we discuss the validity of currently recognized subspecies.
Jim LeNomenclatoriste
Je suis un mignon petit Traquet rubicole
Who is the true author of Oreicola and what is its true type species?
I don't know about true but Peters has this:
Oreicola Bonaparte, 1854, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci., Paris,
38, p. 6. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855,
Cat. Gen. Subgen. Birds Brit. Mus., p. 143), Saxicola pyrrhonota S. Müller.
which is:
t.38 (1854) - Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences - Biodiversity Heritage Library
Jim LeNomenclatoriste
Je suis un mignon petit Traquet rubicole
Joblin gives :
Sharpe cites Bonaparte as the author of the genus but attributes another type species. I'm a bit lost
l_raty
laurent raty
...and that's all.
Messy...
Actually, none of the (nine) species of Pratincola in Bonaparte's Conspectus was from Oceania. On the other hand, Bonaparte separated there three species of Saxicola as a group he called "Oceanicae" : these have generally been understood as the species for which the genus was intended... which may well be a correct interpretation, but is not what Bonaparte actually wrote. (I think it would not be completely unreasonable to argue that the name is nude in Bonaparte's work for this reason.)The three species in question were listed as Saxicola melanoleuca, S. luctuosa and S. pyrrhonota, which were all attributed by Bonaparte to "Müll. Mus. Lugd.", i.e., Salomon Müller in the Leiden Museum, and given a diagnosis.
Under the present Code, even if you accept these species as having been referred to the new genus by bibliographic reference, they were not "cited in the original publication by an available name", hence were not thereby made "originally included nominal species" in the sense of Art. 67.2.1, and are not the nominal species eligible to become the type of the genus. In practice, this name was introduced without any included nominal species, and the nominal species eligible to become its type will be those "first subsequently and expressly included in it", as per Art. 67.2.2.
Gray 1855 was the first to include a nominal species in Oreicola, namely Saxicola pyrrhonota Müller (which he presumably viewed as the third "oceanic" species of Saxicola in Bonaparte's Conspectus), which he also designated as its type.
Somewhat oddly, however, Gray 1869 subsequently placed under this name "pyrrhonota V." (i.e., Oenanthe pyrrhonota Vieillot -- currently a ssp of Saxicola caprata --, which he apparently confused with Müller's, completely unrelated species). Blanford & Dresser 1874 went on to cite Oenanthe pyrrhonota Vieillot explicitly as the type of Oreicola.
Still later, Sharpe 1879 designated "Oreicola melanoleuca", listing Saxicola melanoleuca and S. luctuosa Bonaparte 1850 (ex. Müller) (i.e., the first and second "oceanic" species of Saxicola in Bonaparte's Conspectus) in its synonymy.
If you regard the name as available from Bonaparte 1854, its type is Saxicola pyrrhonotus Müller 1843 by subsequent designation of Gray 1855. Blanford & Dresser's and Sharpe's actions are merely invalid.
Should you regard the name as nude in Bonaparte 1854, on the other hand, successive authors who adopted the name from this source and used it in different ways could possibly be viewed as having validated Bonaparte's nomen nudum independently, thereby authoring homonyms with distinct types. (Of course, only the oldest one of these -- Gray's 1855 version, then with Saxicola pyrrhonotus Müller 1843 as its type by original designation -- will ever be potentially valid.)
(The availability vs. unavailability of the later (invalid) versions of the name will in most cases be unimportant. It can become significant, typically, if a subsequent author attempted to replace a later version of the name -- something like, say, "Oreicola Sharpe nec Bonaparte" -- with a nomen novum. In such a case, if the later version of the name was separately available, it has its own type which the new name will inherit; if not, the new name is not really a nomen novum, and its type will have to be one of the species cited by an available name in the work where this name was introduced.)
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Jim LeNomenclatoriste
Je suis un mignon petit Traquet rubicole
What matters to me is that the name is a priori unusable for Saxicola gutturalis...and that's all.
Messy...
The three species in question were listed as Saxicola melanoleuca, S. luctuosa and S. pyrrhonota, which were all attributed by Bonaparte to "Müll. Mus. Lugd.", i.e., Salomon Müller in the Leiden Museum, and given a diagnosis.
Under the present Code, even if you accept these species as having been referred to the new genus by bibliographic reference, they were not "cited in the original publication by an available name", hence were not thereby made "originally included nominal species" in the sense of Art. 67.2.1, and are not the nominal species eligible to become the type of the genus. In practice, this name was introduced without any included nominal species, and the nominal species eligible to become its type will be those "first subsequently and expressly included in it", as per Art. 67.2.2.
Gray 1855 was the first to include a nominal species in Oreicola, namely Saxicola pyrrhonota Müller (which he presumably viewed as the third "oceanic" species of Saxicola in Bonaparte's Conspectus), which he also designated as its type.
Somewhat oddly, however, Gray 1869 subsequently placed under this name "pyrrhonota V." (i.e., Oenanthe pyrrhonota Vieillot -- currently a ssp of Saxicola caprata --, which he apparently confused with Müller's, completely unrelated species). Blanford & Dresser 1874 went on to cite Oenanthe pyrrhonota Vieillot explicitly as the type of Oreicola.
Still later, Sharpe 1879 designated "Oreicola melanoleuca", listing Saxicola melanoleuca and S. luctuosa Bonaparte 1850 (ex. Müller) (i.e., the first and second "oceanic" species of Saxicola in Bonaparte's Conspectus) in its synonymy.
If you regard the name as available from Bonaparte 1854, its type is Saxicola pyrrhonotus Müller 1843 by subsequent designation of Gray 1855. Blanford & Dresser's and Sharpe's actions are merely invalid.
Should you regard the name as nude in Bonaparte 1854, on the other hand, successive authors who adopted the name from this source and used it in different ways could possibly be viewed as having validated Bonaparte's nomen nudum independently, thereby authoring homonyms with distinct types. (Of course, only the oldest one of these -- Gray's 1855 version, then with Saxicola pyrrhonotus Müller 1843 as its type by original designation -- will ever be potentially valid.)
(The availability vs. unavailability of the later (invalid) versions of the name will in most cases be unimportant. It can become significant, typically, if a subsequent author attempted to replace a later version of the name, say, "Oreicola Sharpe nec Bonaparte" with a nomen novum. In such a case, if the later version of the name was separately available, it has a type which the new name will inherit; if not, the new name is not really a nomen novum, and its type will have to be one of the species cited by an available name in the work where this name is introduced.)
l_raty
laurent raty
Saxicola pyrrhonotus Müller is an objective synonym of Erythromyias timorensis Hellmayr 1919 (the latter is a replacement name for the former), now Ficedula timorensis.
Oreicola (or, at least, the Oreicola that could become a valid name) is a synonym of Ficedula.
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Jim LeNomenclatoriste
Je suis un mignon petit Traquet rubicole
There is an other problematic name, but in the Rallidae
albertonykus
Well-known member
Damnjanović, D., M. Nazarizadeh, M.M. Wisniewska, V. Pavel, B. Chutný, A. Johnsen, M. Nováková, and J. Štefka (2024)
Limited genetic depletion despite extinction risk: genomic diversity of a peripheral population of red-spotted bluethroats in Central Europe
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201: zlae094
doi: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae094
Small and isolated populations are at risk of local extinction, either due to the reduction of genetic diversity or due to stochastic events. We assessed genetic diversity in populations of the red-spotted (Luscinia svecica svecica) and white-spotted bluethroat (L. s. cyanecula) subspecies from six European sites, focusing on a peripheral and declining, red-spotted population from Central Europe (Krkonoše Mountains, Czech Republic). Analysis of population structure using mitochondrial sequences (cytochrome b) and ddRAD genomic data revealed that the two subspecies form clearly defined clusters, but traces of possible admixture were found in three populations of the white-spotted bluethroat. Demographic history reconstruction indicates past population range expansion in both subspecies, while the occurrence of short (0.4 Mbp) runs of homozygosity (ROH) segments suggests possible inbreeding 50 to 200 generations ago. Interestingly, although established by a small number of individuals, the Krkonoše population show reduced genetic diversity in only one measure of summary statistics, possibly due to sustained gene flow. Correspondingly, nine highly homozygous genes were recovered within a 2.6-Mbp long ROH region on the Chr 5. Thus, we found only a small reduction of genetic diversity in a population facing extinction, contrary to the expectations for a geographically distant and small population.
Limited genetic depletion despite extinction risk: genomic diversity of a peripheral population of red-spotted bluethroats in Central Europe
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201: zlae094
doi: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae094
Small and isolated populations are at risk of local extinction, either due to the reduction of genetic diversity or due to stochastic events. We assessed genetic diversity in populations of the red-spotted (Luscinia svecica svecica) and white-spotted bluethroat (L. s. cyanecula) subspecies from six European sites, focusing on a peripheral and declining, red-spotted population from Central Europe (Krkonoše Mountains, Czech Republic). Analysis of population structure using mitochondrial sequences (cytochrome b) and ddRAD genomic data revealed that the two subspecies form clearly defined clusters, but traces of possible admixture were found in three populations of the white-spotted bluethroat. Demographic history reconstruction indicates past population range expansion in both subspecies, while the occurrence of short (0.4 Mbp) runs of homozygosity (ROH) segments suggests possible inbreeding 50 to 200 generations ago. Interestingly, although established by a small number of individuals, the Krkonoše population show reduced genetic diversity in only one measure of summary statistics, possibly due to sustained gene flow. Correspondingly, nine highly homozygous genes were recovered within a 2.6-Mbp long ROH region on the Chr 5. Thus, we found only a small reduction of genetic diversity in a population facing extinction, contrary to the expectations for a geographically distant and small population.
CaliSteve
Living life in Paradise!
A taxonomic revision of Arnot’s Chat Myrmecocichla arnotti (family Muscicapidae)
Jim LeNomenclatoriste
Je suis un mignon petit Traquet rubicole
I sent the paper to a friend of mine, an African bird specialist, and he is very skeptical about the authors' conclusions. According to him, collaris should be left as a species. The genus Myrmecocichla deserves to be studied in depth
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