- Falco cherrug
Identification
45–57 cm (17¾-22½ in): a powerful falcon with variable plumage
- Whitish to brown crown
- Pale brown head
- Brown upperparts
- Grey flight feathers.
- Light brown underparts with streaked breast
Variations
Subspecies milvipes in south-central Asia is more barred above, on flanks and thighs.
Distribution
Europe and Asia. Rare in eastern Europe breeding in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Hungary, northern Yugoslavia, south Romania and north Bulgaria, and in Moldova, the Ukraine and southern Russia east to Central Asia breeding as far east as northern China. Also breeds in central and eastern Turkey and in northern Iraq. No longer breeds in Greece or Austria and generally decreasing throughout Western Palearctic range. However, successful breeding has recently occurred in Germany in 2000 and 2001 and in Poland in 1998.
Northern breeders are mainly migratory, those further south and west are partial migrants or resident. More widespread in winter occurring in Sardinia, Sicily and Italy, Turkey and the Caucasus and parts of the Middle East south to Sinai and east to Iraq, Iran, Pakistan and northern India. In Africa occurs from the east Mediterranean coast south to Kenya. Northern birds leave breeding areas late September-early October and return in March-early April. Small numbers occur at the Bosphorus in autumn and spring and a few are seen regularly at Cap Bon in Tunisia in spring.
Rarely seen outside main range in Europe but recorded in southern Poland, Estonia, Germany and Sweden, also recorded in France, Malta and Morocco. As with the Lanner, any birds out of main range may be falconers' escapes. Seen in Britain on several occasions, all are considered to be of captive origin but those from Shetland could conceivably involve wild birds. The only record for Denmark was recently deleted.
In the east recorded as a vagrant in Hong Kong.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
There are 4 subspecies[1]:
- F. c. cherrug:
- Breeds central Europe east through Ukraine and southwestern Russia to south central Siberia, northern Kazakhstan, Asia Minor,and Iran; winters from southern Europe and northern Africa east to southwestern Asia
- F. c. coatsi:
- Plains of Transcaspia to eastern Uzbekistan and southern Kazakhstan
- F. c. hendersoni:
- Pamir Mountains east to the Tibetan Plateau
- F. c. milvipes:
Habitat
Areas of steppe with adjacent forest and frequently hunts on cultivated land. On passage and in winter often in marshes and along sea-coasts.
Behaviour
Diet
The diet consists mostly of small mammals, especially rodents particularly susliks, also gerbils and jerboas. More rarely birds are taken.
Breeding
This bird does not build its own nest; it lays its 3-6 eggs on the ground or in an old stick nest in a tree which was previously used by other large birds such as crows, ravens or buzzards. However, it is known to have occasionally laid eggs in nests built on cliffs.
Vocalisation
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved Sept 2017)
- BF Member observations
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Saker Falcon. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 13 November 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Saker_Falcon
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
