Alternative names: Gold-naped Cisticola, Gold-capped Cisticola, Bright-capped Cisticola, Yellow-headed Cisticola, Golden Cisticola, Bright-headed Cisticola
- Cisticola exilis
Identification
9 cm (3½ in)
- Upperparts streaked
- Tail rounded: shorter in breeding plumage
Male breeding plumage: golden/orangy crown and face
Similar species
Especially Zitting Cisticola. Call is the best distinction. Breeding male has an all-golden crown (Zitting has streaked). Otherwise, Golden-headed differs as follows:
- Head pattern: fairly uniform on the cheek, nape and supercilium, so the eye stands out (contrasts). Zitting has a more patterned head including a white supercilium and darker cheek meaning the eye stands out less
- Mantle: slightly greyer than Zitting
- Tail tip: Zitting has more obvious white tips
Distribution
Eurasia and Australasia:
Asia: China, Tibet, Nepal, India, Eastern and Western Himalayas, Bangladesh, Taiwan and Hong Kong
Southeast Asia: Indochina, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Island of Borneo, Indonesia, Greater Sundas, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, Bali and Island of Timor
Australasia: Papua New Guinea, Australia: New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia and Melanesia
Taxonomy
Subspecies
Cisticola exilis has 12 subspecies[1]:
- C. e. tytleri: Foothills of Nepal to north-eastern India, northern Myanmar and south-western China (Yunnan)
- C. e. erythrocephalus: Southern India (southern Mysore, western Tamil Nadu and Kerala)
- C. e. equicaudatus: Eastern Myanmar to central Thailand, Cambodia and southern Vietnam
- C. e. courtoisi: South-eastern China (south-eastern Yunnan to southern Hunan, Jiangxi and Fujian)
- C. e. volitans: Taiwan
- C. e. semirufus: Philippine Islands and Sulu Archipelago
- C. e. rusticus: Sulawesi subregion and southern Moluccas
- C. e. lineocapilla: Java, Bali, Lesser Sundas and northern Australia (Northern Territory)
- C. e. diminutus: New Guinea to Solomon Islands and islands in Torres Strait
- C. e. polionotus: Bismarck Archipelago
- C. e. alexandrae: Northern Australia (Pilbara region to Mackenzie River, Queensland)
- C. e. exilis: Eastern Australia (central Queensland to southern Victoria and adjacent South Australia)
Habitat
Tall grass and reeds around marshes and wetlands, including sewage ponds and rice fields. Also field edges on lower mountain slopes.
Behaviour
Diet
Their diet consists mostly of small insects, ants, caterpillars, moths etc.
Breeding
They time their breeding effort to the rainy season.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2018. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2018. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- BF Member observations
- Avibase
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved May 2014 and August 2018)
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Golden-headed Cisticola. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 22 November 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Golden-headed_Cisticola
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
