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| − | < | + | [[Image:WinterWrensask.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|nikovich|nikovich}}<br />Beauval, Saskatchewan, [[Canada]], July 2008]] |
| − | + | ;[[:Category:Troglodytes|Troglodytes]] hiemalis | |
| − | + | ==Identification== | |
| + | Length is 9-10 cm (3.5 - 4 inches) | ||
| + | *Mostly brown, in most populations with a reddish tint | ||
| + | *Small tail (often cocked) | ||
| + | *Pale buff underside (some populations almost as dark as the back) | ||
| + | *Prominent pale supercilium | ||
| + | *Bill slightly down curved | ||
| + | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | Breeds in eastern [[North America]] from southern [[Canada]] to the southern [[US]]. | ||
| + | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| + | ====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|[4]]]</sup>==== | ||
| + | Two subspecies have been described:<br /> | ||
| + | *''T. h. hiemalis'': Eastern [[North America]] from southern [[Canada]] to southern [[Georgia]] | ||
| + | *''T. h. pullus'': Appalachian Mountains (eastern [[West Virginia]] and western [[Virginia]] to north-eastern [[Georgia]]) | ||
| − | [[ | + | Has been considered conspecific with [[Eurasian Wren]] and [[Pacific Wren]] in the past. |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| + | Rice et al in 1999 proposed placing this species in its own genus, ''[[: Category:Nannus|Nannus]]''<sup>[[#References|2]]</sup>. Later molecular studies support this classification, because the closest relative of winter wren are not other members of the genus ''Troglodytes'' but the [[Marsh Wren|Marsh]] and [[Sedge Wren]]s<sup>[[#References|3]]</sup>. | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| − | Can be found in almost any habitat, low down in undergrowth from gardens and woodland to clifftops. Tends to keep low when flying. | + | Can be found in almost any habitat, low down in undergrowth from gardens and woodland to clifftops. |
| + | ==Behaviour== | ||
| + | Tends to keep low when flying. | ||
| + | ====Diet==== | ||
| + | Forages under dense cover for small insects and spiders | ||
| + | ====Breeding==== | ||
| + | The nest is a ball of grass, leaves or other vegetation and may be placed in a bank hole, in thick vegetation or tucked under overhang. The clutch consists of 5-8 white eggs with brownish-red speckles. They are incubated for about 2 weeks and fledge around 16 or 17 days later. | ||
| − | == | + | There are usually 2 broods in the season which runs from April to August. |
| − | + | ====Vocalisation==== | |
| + | '''Call:''' Hard, dry ''chit'' or ''chiti'' <br /> | ||
| + | '''Song:''' Loud (especially given its size) warbling. Can last up to ten seconds. | ||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | # Toews DP, Irwin DE 2008. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18444983 Mol Ecol.] Jun;17(11):2691-705 | ||
| + | # Rice et al 1999 [http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v101n02/p0446-p0451.pdf Condor] 101:446-451 | ||
| + | # [http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=114503&highlight=Troglodytes+pacificus Thread] in Birdforum Taxonomy forum and references therein. | ||
| + | #{{Ref-Clements6thDec10}} | ||
| + | #[http://www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1525/auk.2010.127.3.726 51st supplement to the AOU checklist of North American birds] | ||
| + | {{ref}} | ||
| + | ==External Links== | ||
| + | {{GSearch|"Troglodytes hiemalis" {{!}} "Winter Wren"}} | ||
| + | {{GS-checked}}1 | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| − | + | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Troglodytes]] [[Category:Nannus]] | |
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Latest revision as of 14:14, 15 November 2023
- Troglodytes hiemalis
Identification
Length is 9-10 cm (3.5 - 4 inches)
- Mostly brown, in most populations with a reddish tint
- Small tail (often cocked)
- Pale buff underside (some populations almost as dark as the back)
- Prominent pale supercilium
- Bill slightly down curved
Distribution
Breeds in eastern North America from southern Canada to the southern US.
Taxonomy
Subspecies[4]
Two subspecies have been described:
- T. h. hiemalis: Eastern North America from southern Canada to southern Georgia
- T. h. pullus: Appalachian Mountains (eastern West Virginia and western Virginia to north-eastern Georgia)
Has been considered conspecific with Eurasian Wren and Pacific Wren in the past.
Rice et al in 1999 proposed placing this species in its own genus, Nannus2. Later molecular studies support this classification, because the closest relative of winter wren are not other members of the genus Troglodytes but the Marsh and Sedge Wrens3.
Habitat
Can be found in almost any habitat, low down in undergrowth from gardens and woodland to clifftops.
Behaviour
Tends to keep low when flying.
Diet
Forages under dense cover for small insects and spiders
Breeding
The nest is a ball of grass, leaves or other vegetation and may be placed in a bank hole, in thick vegetation or tucked under overhang. The clutch consists of 5-8 white eggs with brownish-red speckles. They are incubated for about 2 weeks and fledge around 16 or 17 days later.
There are usually 2 broods in the season which runs from April to August.
Vocalisation
Call: Hard, dry chit or chiti
Song: Loud (especially given its size) warbling. Can last up to ten seconds.
References
- Toews DP, Irwin DE 2008. Mol Ecol. Jun;17(11):2691-705
- Rice et al 1999 Condor 101:446-451
- Thread in Birdforum Taxonomy forum and references therein.
- Clements, JF. 2010. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2010. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/Clements%206.5.xls/view
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Winter Wren. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 19 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Winter_Wren
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
