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| − | [[Image: | + | [[Image:WhiteNeckedThrustAdA.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|Anselmo+d+Affonseca|Anselmo d Affonseca}}<br />São Paulo, [[Brazil]], May 2014]] |
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;[[:Category:Turdus|Turdus]] albicollis | ;[[:Category:Turdus|Turdus]] albicollis | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | 20½-26 cm. Dark brown upperparts | + | 20½-26 cm. Dark brown upperparts, white throat with dark streaks, white central belly and vent, legs grey or reddish depending on subspecies, and a red or yellow eye-ring.<br /> |
| + | Chest and flanks are grey in the northern form (''phaeopygos'' group) but tinged rufous-brown in the ''albicollis'' group.<br /> | ||
| + | Sexes are similar, but juveniles are duller, lacking the stripes on the throat but with dull orange spotting above and brownish spotting below. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | Eastern [[Brazil]], far northern [[Uruguay]], eastern [[Paraguay]], far north-eastern [[Argentina]], western [[Venezuela]], | + | [[Image:White-necked_Thrush.jpg|thumb|350px|right|An adult bird of race ''phaeopygoides'' <br />Photo by {{user|Steve_G|Steve G}}<br />Main Ridge Forest Reserve on [[Tobago]]<!--EDITORS: This image does not appear in the Gallery-->]] |
| + | Eastern [[Brazil]], far northern [[Uruguay]], eastern [[Paraguay]], far north-eastern [[Argentina]], and separate in [[Bolivia]], north and western Brazil, the [[Guianas]], [[Venezuela]], the islands of [[Trinidad]] and [[Tobago]], [[Colombia]], [[Ecuador]], and [[Peru]]. | ||
| + | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| + | This species has in the past been lumped with [[White-throated Thrush]] | ||
| + | ====Subspecies==== | ||
| + | Seven subspecies are recognized: | ||
| + | *''T.a. phaopygoides'': | ||
| + | :*North East [[Colombia]] to northern [[Venezuela]]; winters to [[Trinidad]] and [[Tobago]] | ||
| + | *''T.a. phaeopygos'': | ||
| + | :*Extreme eastern [[Colombia]] to the [[Guianas]] and northern Amazonian [[Brazil]] | ||
| + | *''T.a. spodiolaemus'': | ||
| + | :*Eastern [[Ecuador]] to eastern [[Peru]], northern [[Bolivia]] and western Brazil | ||
| + | *''T.a. contemptus'': | ||
| + | :*Yungas of Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz and Tarija) | ||
| + | *''T.a. crotopezus'': | ||
| + | :*Eastern Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo and Alagoas) | ||
| + | *''T.a. albicollis'': | ||
| + | :*South East Brazil (Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul) | ||
| + | *''T.a. paraguayensis'': | ||
| + | :*South West Brazil (Mato Grosso) to [[Paraguay]] and north-eastern [[Argentina]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | These fall in two well separated groups: The first four subspecies (the ''phaeopygos'' group) are found north of a line from the north-east Brazil to Bolivia, while the rest (the nominate group) are found south of a line a few hundred km further south and not reaching west of Paraguay. | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| − | Humid forest and | + | Humid forest, woodland, and second growth from lowlands to about 1500 m. |
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| − | + | ====Diet==== | |
| − | + | Mainly a ground-feeder, the diet includes invertebrates and some fruit and berries. They regularly follow army ant swarms. | |
| − | The nest is a lined cup of twigs placed low in a tree or bush. 2 | + | ====Breeding==== |
| − | + | The nest is a lined cup of twigs placed low in a tree or bush. The clutch consists of 2 or 3 greenish-blue eggs with reddish-blotches, which are incubated by the female for 12-13 days. | |
===Vocalisation=== | ===Vocalisation=== | ||
| − | + | {{ Audio| White Necked Thrush Regua 12h43m38s11sep2008.mp3 }} | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| + | Song, ''albicollis''. [[Regua]], Rio de Janeiro, [[Brazil]].<br /> | ||
| + | Recording by {{User|Andrew+Whitehouse|Andrew Whitehouse}} | ||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug16}}#Kenefick, Restall, Hayes, 2007. Field guide to the birds of Trinidad and Tobago. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-13557-2 | ||
| + | #Richard ffrench. 1991. A guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago. Comstock/Cornell Paperbacks. ISBN 0-8014-9792-2 | ||
| + | #Ber van Perlo. 2009. A field guide to the Birds of Brazil. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7 | ||
| + | #Ridgely and Tudor 2009. Field guide to the songbirds of South America - the passerines. University of Texas Press, Austin, TX, USA. ISBN 978-0-292-71979-8 | ||
| + | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{GSearch|Turdus+albicollis}} | {{GSearch|Turdus+albicollis}} | ||
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Turdus]][[Category:Bird Songs]] | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Turdus]][[Category:Bird Songs]] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:22, 5 April 2021
- Turdus albicollis
Identification
20½-26 cm. Dark brown upperparts, white throat with dark streaks, white central belly and vent, legs grey or reddish depending on subspecies, and a red or yellow eye-ring.
Chest and flanks are grey in the northern form (phaeopygos group) but tinged rufous-brown in the albicollis group.
Sexes are similar, but juveniles are duller, lacking the stripes on the throat but with dull orange spotting above and brownish spotting below.
Distribution
Eastern Brazil, far northern Uruguay, eastern Paraguay, far north-eastern Argentina, and separate in Bolivia, north and western Brazil, the Guianas, Venezuela, the islands of Trinidad and Tobago, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Taxonomy
This species has in the past been lumped with White-throated Thrush
Subspecies
Seven subspecies are recognized:
- T.a. phaopygoides:
- T.a. phaeopygos:
- T.a. spodiolaemus:
- T.a. contemptus:
- Yungas of Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz and Tarija)
- T.a. crotopezus:
- Eastern Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo and Alagoas)
- T.a. albicollis:
- South East Brazil (Rio de Janeiro to Rio Grande do Sul)
- T.a. paraguayensis:
These fall in two well separated groups: The first four subspecies (the phaeopygos group) are found north of a line from the north-east Brazil to Bolivia, while the rest (the nominate group) are found south of a line a few hundred km further south and not reaching west of Paraguay.
Habitat
Humid forest, woodland, and second growth from lowlands to about 1500 m.
Behaviour
Diet
Mainly a ground-feeder, the diet includes invertebrates and some fruit and berries. They regularly follow army ant swarms.
Breeding
The nest is a lined cup of twigs placed low in a tree or bush. The clutch consists of 2 or 3 greenish-blue eggs with reddish-blotches, which are incubated by the female for 12-13 days.
Vocalisation
Song, albicollis. Regua, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Recording by Andrew Whitehouse
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2016. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2016, with updates to August 2016. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Kenefick, Restall, Hayes, 2007. Field guide to the birds of Trinidad and Tobago. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-13557-2
- Richard ffrench. 1991. A guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago. Comstock/Cornell Paperbacks. ISBN 0-8014-9792-2
- Ber van Perlo. 2009. A field guide to the Birds of Brazil. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7
- Ridgely and Tudor 2009. Field guide to the songbirds of South America - the passerines. University of Texas Press, Austin, TX, USA. ISBN 978-0-292-71979-8
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) White-necked Thrush. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 18 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/White-necked_Thrush
