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| − | + | [[Image:Whiskered_Tern.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo © by {{user|Dick+Hoogenboom|Dick Hoogenboom}}<br />Photo taken: Lesvos, [[Greece]]]] | |
| − | [[Image:Whiskered_Tern.jpg|thumb| | + | ;[[:Category:Chlidonias|Chlidonias]] hybrida |
| + | |||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | . | + | 24-28 cm (9½-11 in)<br /> |
| + | '''Adult Summer''' | ||
| + | *Black cap | ||
| + | *White cheeks and sides of neck | ||
| + | *Dark grey underparts | ||
| + | *Lighter greyish above | ||
| + | *Red bill | ||
| + | [[Image:17075Whiskered Tern2 copy filtered.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo © by {{user|armando+tomas+v|armando tomas v }}<br />Delta Llobregat, Viladecans, Barcelona, [[Spain]], May 2005 ]] | ||
| + | '''Adult Winter''' | ||
| + | *Black cap shrinks to leave a finely barred rear crown, with solid black patch behind the eye. | ||
| + | *Black bill | ||
| + | '''Juvenile''' | ||
| + | *Pale brown scaly upperparts | ||
| + | *Whitish rump | ||
| + | ====Similar Species==== | ||
| + | Summer adults resemble [[Common Tern]]s more than [[Black Tern]]s due to their black and white heads, but the short, broad wings and tails are typical of '[[:Category:Chlidonias|marsh terns]]'. and their underparts are so dark that the white cheeks stand out boldly. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Juveniles have a dark mantle reminiscent of the saddle on a [[White-winged Black Tern]]; however, it is not so dark in the Whiskered Tern. In addition the rump is not as conspicuously white as on a White-winged Black Tern and the wings of a Whiskered Tern are a more uniform grey. | ||
| + | [[Image:DSCF8267 Whiskered Tern.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile<br />Photo © by {{user|Jason+Bugay+Reyes|Jason Bugay Reyes}}<br />Kota Kinabalu Waterfront, Sabah, [[Malaysia]], September 2009]] | ||
| + | The bill is heavier than in other 'marsh terns'. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | [[Europe]] and [[Asia]]. They migrate to sub-Saharan west [[Africa]] in the winter, although a few birds will remain in the Mediterranean. Birds which breed in eastern Europe winter in large numbers in the Nile Delta and eastern and southern [[Africa]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Accidental '''vagrant''' to [[Cape May]], [[New Jersey]] (2 records) with one moving south to [[Delaware]]. | ||
| + | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| + | ====Subspecies==== | ||
| + | [[Image:21743888768 202f1dcd20 c.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Non-breeding adult<br />Photo © by {{user|SeeToh|SeeToh}}<br />Lorong Halus, [[Singapore]], October 2015]] | ||
| + | ''Chlidonias hybrida'' has three subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | ||
| + | *''C. h. hybrida'' | ||
| + | :*Breeds northwestern [[Africa]] and central and southern [[Europe]] to southeastern [[Siberia]], eastern [[China]] and south to [[Pakistan]] and northern [[India]]; winters Africa and southern and southeastern [[Asia]] to Thai-Malay Peninsula, [[Sulawesi]], and the [[Philippines]] | ||
| + | *''C. h. delalandii'' | ||
| + | :*Eastern and southern [[Africa]], and [[Madagascar]] | ||
| + | *''C. h. javanicus'' | ||
| + | :*Breeds [[Australia]]; winters northern Australia north to [[New Guinea]], the Sunda Islands, and the [[Philippines]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | The subspecies ''swinhoei'', ''indicus'', ''sclateri'' and ''fluviatilis'' are no longer recognized. | ||
| + | ==Habitat== | ||
| + | Inland marshes, pools and fishponds. | ||
| + | ==Behaviour== | ||
| + | ====Diet==== | ||
| + | The diet includes terrestrial and aquatic insects, spiders, frogs, tadpoles, small crabs, shrimps and small fish. | ||
| + | ====Breeding==== | ||
| + | The nest is a heap of aquatic vegetation or dry grass, placed either on floating vegetation. They nest in colonies. | ||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug19}}#BirdLife International | ||
| + | #Collins Pocket Guide to British Birds 1966 | ||
| + | #Collins Field Guide 5th Edition | ||
| + | #Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6 | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | + | {{GSearch|"Chlidonias hybrida" {{!}} "Chlidonias hybridus" {{!}} "Whiskered Tern"}} | |
| − | [[Category:Birds]] | + | <br /> |
| + | {{VSearch|"Chlidonias hybrida" {{!}} "Chlidonias hybridus" {{!}} "Whiskered Tern"}} | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | {{GS-checked}}1 | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Chlidonias]][[Category:Videos]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:03, 16 February 2024
- Chlidonias hybrida
Identification
24-28 cm (9½-11 in)
Adult Summer
- Black cap
- White cheeks and sides of neck
- Dark grey underparts
- Lighter greyish above
- Red bill
Adult Winter
- Black cap shrinks to leave a finely barred rear crown, with solid black patch behind the eye.
- Black bill
Juvenile
- Pale brown scaly upperparts
- Whitish rump
Similar Species
Summer adults resemble Common Terns more than Black Terns due to their black and white heads, but the short, broad wings and tails are typical of 'marsh terns'. and their underparts are so dark that the white cheeks stand out boldly.
Juveniles have a dark mantle reminiscent of the saddle on a White-winged Black Tern; however, it is not so dark in the Whiskered Tern. In addition the rump is not as conspicuously white as on a White-winged Black Tern and the wings of a Whiskered Tern are a more uniform grey.
The bill is heavier than in other 'marsh terns'.
Distribution
Europe and Asia. They migrate to sub-Saharan west Africa in the winter, although a few birds will remain in the Mediterranean. Birds which breed in eastern Europe winter in large numbers in the Nile Delta and eastern and southern Africa.
Accidental vagrant to Cape May, New Jersey (2 records) with one moving south to Delaware.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
Chlidonias hybrida has three subspecies[1]:
- C. h. hybrida
- C. h. delalandii
- Eastern and southern Africa, and Madagascar
- C. h. javanicus
- Breeds Australia; winters northern Australia north to New Guinea, the Sunda Islands, and the Philippines
The subspecies swinhoei, indicus, sclateri and fluviatilis are no longer recognized.
Habitat
Inland marshes, pools and fishponds.
Behaviour
Diet
The diet includes terrestrial and aquatic insects, spiders, frogs, tadpoles, small crabs, shrimps and small fish.
Breeding
The nest is a heap of aquatic vegetation or dry grass, placed either on floating vegetation. They nest in colonies.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- BirdLife International
- Collins Pocket Guide to British Birds 1966
- Collins Field Guide 5th Edition
- Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Whiskered Tern. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 3 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Whiskered_Tern
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
