- Arremon aurantiirostris
Identification
Subspecies are somewhat variable in plumage, but they all share several features, such as black sides of head with pale supercilium (white or grey depending on subspecies) again limited above by black; white throat bordered below by a black breast band of very varying width; and yellow at the bend of the wing. The bill is mostly orange, but yellowish in some southern subspecies and mostly dusky in one.
Distribution
Mexico, through Central America and western South America to Peru. Subspecies spectabilis is isolated on the east side of the Andes while the other South American subspecies are west or north of these mountains.
Taxonomy
Eight subspecies are recognized:
- saturatus
- rufidorsalis
- aurantiirostris
- strictocollaris
- occidentalis
- erythrorhynchus
- spectabilis
- santarosae
Habitat
Moist lowland and foothill forest and second-growth.
Behaviour
An elusive bird of the forest floor.
References
- Clements, JF. 2009. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2009. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019.
- Restall et al. 2006. Birds of Northern South America. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300124156
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Orange-billed Sparrow. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 8 November 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Orange-billed_Sparrow
