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| − | [[Image: | + | [[Image:Turdus viscivorus by DaveT.jpg|thumb|550px|right|''T. v. viscivorus'', adult<br />Photo by {{user|DaveT|DaveT}}<br />Shirley, Croydon, [[Surrey]]; December 2012]] |
;[[:Category:Turdus|Turdus]] viscivorus | ;[[:Category:Turdus|Turdus]] viscivorus | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | Grey brown back, dark eye in plain face. Spots have an irregular pattern. | + | Length 27-28 cm (10½-11 in), weight 93-167 g |
| + | *A large, archetypal thrush with brown back and spotted underparts | ||
| + | *'''Adult''': Grey brown back, dark eye in plain face. Spots are round, and have an irregular pattern. Underwing white. | ||
| + | *'''Juvenile''': Similar to adult, but more 'scaly' in appearance on the upperparts with distinct light mark on each mantle feather. | ||
| − | + | ====Similar Species==== | |
| + | [[Image:Turdus viscivorus juvenile by Nutcracker.jpg|thumb|350px|right|''T. v. viscivorus'', juvenile<br />Photo by {{user|Nutcracker|Nutcracker}}<br />[[Rising Sun Country Park]], [[Northumberland]], UK; July 2013]] | ||
| + | [[Song Thrush]] is distinctly smaller, has warmer brown upperparts, 'arrow-shaped' spots on the breast, and an orange-buff underwing. [[Fieldfare]] is closer in size and shares the white underwing, but has plain blue-grey head, red-brown wings, grey rump, and inverted-V-chevroned breast spots. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Juveniles with their scaly plumage are sometimes mistaken by inexperienced birders for the similar-sized [[White's Thrush]], but are not so markedly scaly, and lack the bold black underwing stripe shown by White's. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | A common and widespread | + | [[Image:7407filtered Mistlethrushc111205-.jpg|thumb|350px|right|''T. v. viscivorus'', in flight<br />Photo by {{user|Saphire|Saphire}}<br />[[Staffordshire]]/[[Cheshire]], [[UK]], December 2005]] |
| + | A common and widespread species in [[Europe]], western [[Asia]] and northwest [[Africa]]. | ||
| − | '''Breeds''' in the [[British Isles]], [[France]] and [[Iberia]] east across [[Europe]] to the Urals. Breeds in south-east [[Norway]] and in much of lowland [[Sweden]] and [[Finland]] and in [[Russia]] north to the White Sea. In the south breeds patchily in north Mediterranean countries and on [[Corsica]], [[Sardinia]] and [[Sicily]]. Also breeds parts of [[Turkey]] and the Caucasus, in the Atlas Mountains of | + | '''Breeds''' in the [[British Isles]], [[France]] and [[Iberia]] east across [[Europe]] to the Urals. Breeds in south-east [[Norway]] and in much of lowland [[Sweden]] and [[Finland]] and in [[Russia]] north to the White Sea. In the south breeds patchily in north Mediterranean countries and on [[Corsica]], [[Sardinia]] and [[Sicily]]. Also breeds parts of [[Turkey]] and the Caucasus, in the Atlas Mountains of northwest Africa, and possibly regularly on [[Madeira]]. |
'''Migratory''' in northern [[Scandinavia]] and from [[Poland]] eastwards, remainder of range varies from sedentary to partial migrant. Most migrants winter within range of more southerly breeders but becomes more widespread around the Mediterranean from September-April. | '''Migratory''' in northern [[Scandinavia]] and from [[Poland]] eastwards, remainder of range varies from sedentary to partial migrant. Most migrants winter within range of more southerly breeders but becomes more widespread around the Mediterranean from September-April. | ||
| Line 14: | Line 22: | ||
'''Vagrants''' recorded in [[Iceland]] and [[Faroes]], on the [[Azores]] and in [[Egypt]], [[Israel]] and [[Kuwait]]. | '''Vagrants''' recorded in [[Iceland]] and [[Faroes]], on the [[Azores]] and in [[Egypt]], [[Israel]] and [[Kuwait]]. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | ====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|[ | + | The [[Dictionary_T-Z#T|type species]] of the genus ''[[:Category:Turdus|Turdus]]'' and resembling several other thrushes; despite this, [[Dictionary_P-S#T|phylogenetically]] it is distinct, basal to the rest of the genus<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>. One consequence of this is that, if the genus ''Turdus'' were ever to be split into more than one genus, Mistle Thrush would be left as the sole member of ''Turdus'', with every other species moved into new genera. |
| + | ====Subspecies==== | ||
| + | [[Image:mistle_thrush_raj.jpg|thumb|350px|right|''T. v. bonapartei''<br />Photo by {{user|Rajsurin|Rajsurin}}<br />Chopta, Uttarakhand [[Himalayas]], [[India]], Jan-2017]] | ||
| + | Three subspecies are accepted<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>: | ||
*''T. v. viscivorus'': | *''T. v. viscivorus'': | ||
:*[[Western Palearctic]] (except range of ''deichleri'') to western [[Siberia]] | :*[[Western Palearctic]] (except range of ''deichleri'') to western [[Siberia]] | ||
*''T. v. deichleri'': | *''T. v. deichleri'': | ||
| − | :*Northwest [[Africa]], [[Corsica]] and [[Sardinia]] | + | :*Northwest [[Africa]], [[Corsica]] and [[Sardinia]]. Slightly paler and greyer than the nominate subspecies. |
*''T. v. bonapartei'': | *''T. v. bonapartei'': | ||
| − | :* | + | :*Central southern [[Siberia]] to western [[China]] and the western [[Himalaya]]; winters to northern [[India]]. Paler and less spotted. |
| + | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| − | Open woods, parks | + | Open woods, parks and gardens. Light woodland and open country, often in human-altered habitats like parks, sports fields, and large gardens. After breeding commonly moves to areas with abundant supplies of berries, ivy, yew, holly and mistletoe are favoured. Also feeds in open grassland, playing fields and farmland. Unlike [[Song Thrush]], often feeds in the open well away from cover. |
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| − | + | Bold, and often aggressive; when breeding frequently mobs predators like cats and [[Eurasian Magpie|Magpies]], often very successfully, with its harsh rattling call. Will sometimes even attack people who come too close to its nest. Can look 'tall' when standing. | |
====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
| − | The nest is a big, loose, cup of roots, leaves and moss. | + | The nest is a big, loose, cup of roots, leaves and moss. It is usually placed high in a tree. The clutch consists of 4 greenish-blue eggs with red marks which are incubated for 15-16 days. The young fledge about 2 weeks later. There may be two broods in the season which runs from late March to July. |
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
| − | Diet includes worms, fruit, seeds, invertebrates. | + | Diet includes worms, fruit, seeds, invertebrates. In autumn and winter, they will vigorously defend individual trees with a heavy fruit crop, chasing away other fruit-eating birds like [[Bohemian Waxwing|Waxwings]] and [[Redwing]]s to preserve their food supply. |
| + | |||
====Vocalisation==== | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
| − | + | '''Song''': bold, loud, not very varied. Usually given from a prominent treetop perch, including on very windy days (hence the old nickname "stormcock").<br /> | |
| + | '''Voice''': like a football rattle. | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{ Audio|Turdus viscivorus (song).mp3 }} | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #Voelker, G., et al. (2007). Molecular systematics of a speciose, cosmopolitan songbird genus: defining the limits of and relationships among the ''Turdus'' thrushes. ''Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.'' 42: 422-434. |
| + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug19}}#Bird Watching Magazine | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
| + | |||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Turdus | + | {{GSearch|"Turdus viscivorus" {{!}} "Mistle Thrush"}} |
| + | {{GS-checked}}1 | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
| − | |||
| − | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Turdus]] [[Category:Bird Songs | + | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Turdus]] [[Category:Bird Songs]] |
Latest revision as of 21:02, 29 October 2023
- Turdus viscivorus
Identification
Length 27-28 cm (10½-11 in), weight 93-167 g
- A large, archetypal thrush with brown back and spotted underparts
- Adult: Grey brown back, dark eye in plain face. Spots are round, and have an irregular pattern. Underwing white.
- Juvenile: Similar to adult, but more 'scaly' in appearance on the upperparts with distinct light mark on each mantle feather.
Similar Species
Song Thrush is distinctly smaller, has warmer brown upperparts, 'arrow-shaped' spots on the breast, and an orange-buff underwing. Fieldfare is closer in size and shares the white underwing, but has plain blue-grey head, red-brown wings, grey rump, and inverted-V-chevroned breast spots.
Juveniles with their scaly plumage are sometimes mistaken by inexperienced birders for the similar-sized White's Thrush, but are not so markedly scaly, and lack the bold black underwing stripe shown by White's.
Distribution
A common and widespread species in Europe, western Asia and northwest Africa.
Breeds in the British Isles, France and Iberia east across Europe to the Urals. Breeds in south-east Norway and in much of lowland Sweden and Finland and in Russia north to the White Sea. In the south breeds patchily in north Mediterranean countries and on Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily. Also breeds parts of Turkey and the Caucasus, in the Atlas Mountains of northwest Africa, and possibly regularly on Madeira.
Migratory in northern Scandinavia and from Poland eastwards, remainder of range varies from sedentary to partial migrant. Most migrants winter within range of more southerly breeders but becomes more widespread around the Mediterranean from September-April.
Vagrants recorded in Iceland and Faroes, on the Azores and in Egypt, Israel and Kuwait.
Taxonomy
The type species of the genus Turdus and resembling several other thrushes; despite this, phylogenetically it is distinct, basal to the rest of the genus[1]. One consequence of this is that, if the genus Turdus were ever to be split into more than one genus, Mistle Thrush would be left as the sole member of Turdus, with every other species moved into new genera.
Subspecies
Three subspecies are accepted[2]:
- T. v. viscivorus:
- Western Palearctic (except range of deichleri) to western Siberia
- T. v. deichleri:
- T. v. bonapartei:
Habitat
Open woods, parks and gardens. Light woodland and open country, often in human-altered habitats like parks, sports fields, and large gardens. After breeding commonly moves to areas with abundant supplies of berries, ivy, yew, holly and mistletoe are favoured. Also feeds in open grassland, playing fields and farmland. Unlike Song Thrush, often feeds in the open well away from cover.
Behaviour
Bold, and often aggressive; when breeding frequently mobs predators like cats and Magpies, often very successfully, with its harsh rattling call. Will sometimes even attack people who come too close to its nest. Can look 'tall' when standing.
Breeding
The nest is a big, loose, cup of roots, leaves and moss. It is usually placed high in a tree. The clutch consists of 4 greenish-blue eggs with red marks which are incubated for 15-16 days. The young fledge about 2 weeks later. There may be two broods in the season which runs from late March to July.
Diet
Diet includes worms, fruit, seeds, invertebrates. In autumn and winter, they will vigorously defend individual trees with a heavy fruit crop, chasing away other fruit-eating birds like Waxwings and Redwings to preserve their food supply.
Vocalisation
Song: bold, loud, not very varied. Usually given from a prominent treetop perch, including on very windy days (hence the old nickname "stormcock").
Voice: like a football rattle.
References
- Voelker, G., et al. (2007). Molecular systematics of a speciose, cosmopolitan songbird genus: defining the limits of and relationships among the Turdus thrushes. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 42: 422-434.
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Bird Watching Magazine
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Mistle Thrush. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 5 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Mistle_Thrush
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
