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Difference between revisions of "Brambling" - BirdForum Opus

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==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 +
[[Image:Brambling.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Winter male<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Gerd+Rossen|Gerd Rossen}}<br />Germany]]
 
13·5–16 cm (5¼-6¼ in)<br />
 
13·5–16 cm (5¼-6¼ in)<br />
 
'''Male'''
 
'''Male'''
 
Breeding
 
Breeding
−
:*Black head, back and bill
+
:*Glossy bluish-black head, nape, shoulders and mantle
 
:*Orange breast and wing patch
 
:*Orange breast and wing patch
 
:*White belly
 
:*White belly
 
:*Black and white wings
 
:*Black and white wings
−
:*White rump<br />
+
:*White rump
 +
*Black bill<br />
 
Non-breeding
 
Non-breeding
−
[[Image:Brambling.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Winter male<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Gerd+Rossen|Gerd Rossen}}<br />Germany]]
 
 
:*Black upperparts are speckled and duller
 
:*Black upperparts are speckled and duller
 
:*Yellow bill
 
:*Yellow bill
−
'''Female''': similar to winter male, but with a grey crown
+
'''Female''': similar to winter male, but with a grey crown<br />
 +
'''Juvenile''': the white rump has a yellow tinge,
 
====Similar Species====
 
====Similar Species====
 
[[Chaffinch]]: male has a grey head, nape and bill. Green rump.
 
[[Chaffinch]]: male has a grey head, nape and bill. Green rump.
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
 +
[[Image:867BlvFMbp2.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Raydes|Raydes}}<br />Blaasveld, [[Belgium]], 19 February 2004]]
 
Breeds throughout [[Norway]] and in all but southernmost parts of [[Sweden]] and [[Finland]], in [[Estonia]] and across northern [[Russia]] east to the Urals. An isolated population breeds in the Alps in northern [[Italy]] and has bred in [[Iceland]], north-central [[Scotland]], [[Netherlands]], [[Germany]] and [[Denmark]].  
 
Breeds throughout [[Norway]] and in all but southernmost parts of [[Sweden]] and [[Finland]], in [[Estonia]] and across northern [[Russia]] east to the Urals. An isolated population breeds in the Alps in northern [[Italy]] and has bred in [[Iceland]], north-central [[Scotland]], [[Netherlands]], [[Germany]] and [[Denmark]].  
  
 
A migratory species with autumn passage mainly in mid-September to October, sometimes November with most birds moving south or south-west through [[Europe]]. Widespread in winter throughout Europe south of breeding range occurring west to [[Iberia]] and south to the [[Mediterranean]], [[Turkey]] and the [[Middle East]]. Return passage takes place in March-mid May.  
 
A migratory species with autumn passage mainly in mid-September to October, sometimes November with most birds moving south or south-west through [[Europe]]. Widespread in winter throughout Europe south of breeding range occurring west to [[Iberia]] and south to the [[Mediterranean]], [[Turkey]] and the [[Middle East]]. Return passage takes place in March-mid May.  
−
[[Image:867BlvFMbp2.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Raydes|Raydes}}<br />Blaasveld, [[Belgium]], 19 February 2004]]
+
 
 
Vagrants recorded in [[Iceland]] and [[Faroes]] and has bred in both, also recorded in the [[Canary Islands|Canaries]], [[Madeira]], [[Cyprus]] and [[North Africa]], [[Jordan]] and [[Iraq]].  
 
Vagrants recorded in [[Iceland]] and [[Faroes]] and has bred in both, also recorded in the [[Canary Islands|Canaries]], [[Madeira]], [[Cyprus]] and [[North Africa]], [[Jordan]] and [[Iraq]].  
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
 +
[[Image:Brambling 6041.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo &copy; by the late '''[http://www.birdforum.net/gallery/showgallery.php?cat=500&ppuser=35827 Jim Wood]'''<br />[[Scotland|Scottish highlands]] 2012]]
 
This is a [[Dictionary_M-O#M|monotypic]] species<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>.
 
This is a [[Dictionary_M-O#M|monotypic]] species<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>.
  
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
−
Breeds in open coniferous forest, birch woodland and riverine willows and winters along woodland edges close to open farmland and especially stubble fields. In some areas large numbers gather in autumn and winter in beechwoods to feed on beechmast, also fond of hornbeam seeds.
+
Breeds in open coniferous forest, birch woodland and riverine willows and winters along woodland edges close to open farmland and especially stubble fields. In some areas large numbers gather in autumn and winter in beech woods to feed on beech mast, also fond of hornbeam seeds.
 
==Behaviour==
 
==Behaviour==
 
In winter usually found in large mixed flocks with other finches.
 
In winter usually found in large mixed flocks with other finches.
 
====Breeding====
 
====Breeding====
−
[[Image:Brambling 6041.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo &copy; by the late '''[http://www.birdforum.net/gallery/showgallery.php?cat=500&ppuser=35827 Jim Wood]'''<br />[[Scotland|Scottish highlands]] 2012]]
+
[[Dictionary_P-S#M|Monogamous]]. The female builds the cup shaped nest, in the fork of a birch (sometimes a spruce) tree, from moss, grass, bark, lichen and hair, lining it with feathers and wool. The clutch generally consists of around 5-7 eggs which are shiny, greenish through to brownish with dark brown markings which are incubated by the female for 11-12 days. The young are fed by both adults and fledge after 11-13 days. There may be a second brood in [[Siberia]] and [[Russia]].
−
The female builds the cup shaped nest, in a conifer tree, from moss, grass and hair, lined with feathers and wool, decorated with bark and lichen. The clutch consists of 4-9 eggs which are smooth, glossy, greenish to brownish with dark brown markings. Incubation (by the female) takes 11-12 days. The young are fed by both parents and fledge after 11-13 days.
 
 
====Diet====
 
====Diet====
 
The diet includes seeds and insects.
 
The diet includes seeds and insects.
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''[[Media:Fringilla montifringilla (song).mp3|Listen to Brambling voice clip]]''
 
''[[Media:Fringilla montifringilla (song).mp3|Listen to Brambling voice clip]]''
 
==References==
 
==References==
−
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug18}}#Wikipedia contributors. (2018, March 7). Brambling. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 15:11, September 24, 2018, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brambling&oldid=829225359
+
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug18}}#[http://www.garden-birds.co.uk/birds/brambling.html British Garden Birds]
−
#[http://www.garden-birds.co.uk/birds/brambling.html British Garden Birds]
 
 
#Brazil, M. (2009). Birds of East Asia. Princeton Univ. Press.
 
#Brazil, M. (2009). Birds of East Asia. Princeton Univ. Press.
−
#Clement, P. & Arkhipov, V. (2017). Brambling (Fringilla montifringilla). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/61288 on 30 June 2017).
+
#Clement, P. & Arkhipov, V. (2017). Brambling (Fringilla montifringilla). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/61288 on 30 June 2017 and September 2018).
 
#Clement, P., A. Harris, and J. Davis. 1993. Finches and Sparrows: An Identification Guide. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, N. J.  
 
#Clement, P., A. Harris, and J. Davis. 1993. Finches and Sparrows: An Identification Guide. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, N. J.  
 +
#Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6
 +
#Wikipedia
 +
#Garden Birds
 
{{ref}}
 
{{ref}}
  

Revision as of 09:53, 27 September 2018

Breeding male
Photo © by Askar Isabekov
Alma-Ata Kazakhstan, April 2007
Fringilla montifringilla

Identification

Winter male
Photo © by Gerd Rossen
Germany

13·5–16 cm (5¼-6¼ in)
Male Breeding

  • Glossy bluish-black head, nape, shoulders and mantle
  • Orange breast and wing patch
  • White belly
  • Black and white wings
  • White rump
  • Black bill

Non-breeding

  • Black upperparts are speckled and duller
  • Yellow bill

Female: similar to winter male, but with a grey crown
Juvenile: the white rump has a yellow tinge,

Similar Species

Chaffinch: male has a grey head, nape and bill. Green rump.

Distribution

Female
Photo © by Raydes
Blaasveld, Belgium, 19 February 2004

Breeds throughout Norway and in all but southernmost parts of Sweden and Finland, in Estonia and across northern Russia east to the Urals. An isolated population breeds in the Alps in northern Italy and has bred in Iceland, north-central Scotland, Netherlands, Germany and Denmark.

A migratory species with autumn passage mainly in mid-September to October, sometimes November with most birds moving south or south-west through Europe. Widespread in winter throughout Europe south of breeding range occurring west to Iberia and south to the Mediterranean, Turkey and the Middle East. Return passage takes place in March-mid May.

Vagrants recorded in Iceland and Faroes and has bred in both, also recorded in the Canaries, Madeira, Cyprus and North Africa, Jordan and Iraq.

Taxonomy

Photo © by the late Jim Wood
Scottish highlands 2012

This is a monotypic species[1].

Habitat

Breeds in open coniferous forest, birch woodland and riverine willows and winters along woodland edges close to open farmland and especially stubble fields. In some areas large numbers gather in autumn and winter in beech woods to feed on beech mast, also fond of hornbeam seeds.

Behaviour

In winter usually found in large mixed flocks with other finches.

Breeding

Monogamous. The female builds the cup shaped nest, in the fork of a birch (sometimes a spruce) tree, from moss, grass, bark, lichen and hair, lining it with feathers and wool. The clutch generally consists of around 5-7 eggs which are shiny, greenish through to brownish with dark brown markings which are incubated by the female for 11-12 days. The young are fed by both adults and fledge after 11-13 days. There may be a second brood in Siberia and Russia.

Diet

The diet includes seeds and insects.

Vocalisation

<flashmp3>Fringilla montifringilla (song).mp3</flashmp3>
Listen to Brambling voice clip

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2018. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2018. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. British Garden Birds
  3. Brazil, M. (2009). Birds of East Asia. Princeton Univ. Press.
  4. Clement, P. & Arkhipov, V. (2017). Brambling (Fringilla montifringilla). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/61288 on 30 June 2017 and September 2018).
  5. Clement, P., A. Harris, and J. Davis. 1993. Finches and Sparrows: An Identification Guide. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, N. J.
  6. Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6
  7. Wikipedia
  8. Garden Birds

Recommended Citation

External Links


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