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| − | [[Image:black_francolin_alok_2.JPG|thumb| | + | [[Image:black_francolin_alok_2.JPG|thumb|450px|right|Subspecies '' F. f. asiae'' : male<br />Photo by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br />[[Jim Corbett National Park]], Uttarakhand [[Himalayas]], [[India]], June-2016]] |
;[[:Category:Francolinus|Francolinus]] francolinus | ;[[:Category:Francolinus|Francolinus]] francolinus | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| + | [[Image:Black Francolin femalebc3.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Nominate subspecies : female<br />Photo by {{user|lior+kislev|lior kislev}}<br />Btecha North [[Israel]], November 2008]] | ||
31–36 cm (12-14 in)<br /> | 31–36 cm (12-14 in)<br /> | ||
'''Male''' | '''Male''' | ||
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*Red legs<br /> | *Red legs<br /> | ||
The amount white spotting on the flanks varies considerably | The amount white spotting on the flanks varies considerably | ||
| − | + | ||
'''Female''' | '''Female''' | ||
*Mainly brown | *Mainly brown | ||
| Line 22: | Line 23: | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
====Subspecies==== | ====Subspecies==== | ||
| + | [[Image:DSC 20871.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Sub-adult male, subspecies ''asiae''<br />Photo by {{user|Tribhuz|Tribhuz}}<br />Suklaphanta National Park, [[Nepal]], December 2017]] | ||
| + | [[Image:black_francolin_alok.JPG|thumb|300px|right|Subspecies ''F. f. asiae'' : female<br />Photo by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br />Gurgaon Rural, Haryana, [[India]], January-2018]] | ||
There are 6 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | There are 6 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | ||
*''F. f. francolinus'': | *''F. f. francolinus'': | ||
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*''F. f. arabistanicus'': | *''F. f. arabistanicus'': | ||
:*Southern [[Iraq]] and western [[Iran]] | :*Southern [[Iraq]] and western [[Iran]] | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
*''F. f. bogdanovi'': | *''F. f. bogdanovi'': | ||
:*Southern [[Iran]] and [[Afghanistan]] to southern [[Pakistan]] | :*Southern [[Iran]] and [[Afghanistan]] to southern [[Pakistan]] | ||
| Line 41: | Line 42: | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
| − | + | They nest in a bare ground scrape. The clutch consists of 8-18 pale greenish-brown eggs with white spots. | |
| − | |||
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
| − | The diet | + | The diet consists of a variety of seeds from grass, weeds and cereal crops; also leaves, shoots, tubers berries and fruit. They also eat many insects and their larvae. |
====Vocalisation==== | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
| + | [[Image:Black Francolin male flight 6 th Sept 2009.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies '' F. f. henrici'' : male<br />Photo by {{user|Jugal+Tiwari|Jugal Tiwari }}<br />Kutch, Gujarat, [[India]], September 2009]] | ||
<flashmp3>Black_Francolin.mp3</flashmp3><br /> | <flashmp3>Black_Francolin.mp3</flashmp3><br /> | ||
''[[Media: Black_Francolin.mp3|Listen in an external program]]''<br /> | ''[[Media: Black_Francolin.mp3|Listen in an external program]]''<br /> | ||
| Line 54: | Line 55: | ||
State bird of Haryana (India). | State bird of Haryana (India). | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug17}}#Wikipedia | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug17}}#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved Mar 2018) |
| + | #Wikipedia | ||
#BF Member observations | #BF Member observations | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
Revision as of 00:18, 21 March 2018
Subspecies F. f. asiae : male
Photo by Alok Tewari
Jim Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand Himalayas, India, June-2016
Photo by Alok Tewari
Jim Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand Himalayas, India, June-2016
- Francolinus francolinus
Identification
31–36 cm (12-14 in)
Male
- Mainly black
- White spotting on back and flanks
- Chestnut neck collar
- White cheek patches
- Brown wings
- Red legs
The amount white spotting on the flanks varies considerably
Female
- Mainly brown
- Chestnut hind neck
- The depth of colour of the females varies
Distribution
Kashmir, Cyprus, south-eastern Turkey, Iran, southwest Turkmenistan and northeast India.
Introduced to Hawaii
Taxonomy
Subspecies
There are 6 subspecies[1]:
- F. f. francolinus:
- Cyprus and Asia Minor to Iraq and Iran
- F. f. arabistanicus:
- F. f. bogdanovi:
- Southern Iran and Afghanistan to southern Pakistan
- F. f. henrici:
- F. f. asiae:
- Northern India
- F. f. melanonotus:
- Eastern India to Sikkim and Bangladesh
Habitat
Scrubby habitats with plenty of low cover. Grassland and other cultivated areas. Also wetlands.
Behaviour
Breeding
They nest in a bare ground scrape. The clutch consists of 8-18 pale greenish-brown eggs with white spots.
Diet
The diet consists of a variety of seeds from grass, weeds and cereal crops; also leaves, shoots, tubers berries and fruit. They also eat many insects and their larvae.
Vocalisation
<flashmp3>Black_Francolin.mp3</flashmp3>
Listen in an external program
Recording by Alok Tewari
(Jim Corbett NP, India, May-2016
Call
In Culture
State bird of Haryana (India).
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017, with updates to August 2017. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved Mar 2018)
- Wikipedia
- BF Member observations
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Black Francolin. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 24 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Black_Francolin
External Links
