(References. Pictures re-positioned. Video category) |
(→External Links: New Video search created) |
||
| (25 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| − | [[Image: | + | [[Image:black-tailed_godwit_alok.JPG|thumb|550px|right|Breeding plumage<br />Photo © |
| + | by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}} <br />Basai Wetlands, Gugaon, Haryana, [[India]], 31 March 2015]] | ||
;[[:Category:Limosa|Limosa]] limosa | ;[[:Category:Limosa|Limosa]] limosa | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| + | [[Image:Black-tailed_Godwit.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Molting adult female<br />Photo © by {{user|A.+Meir|Avi Meir}}<br />Eilat, [[Israel]], 11 March 2006]] | ||
| + | 36–44 cm (14-17¼ in)<br /> | ||
Straight, flesh-coloured bill with dark tip<br /> | Straight, flesh-coloured bill with dark tip<br /> | ||
Greyish legs<br /> | Greyish legs<br /> | ||
| Line 8: | Line 11: | ||
'''Winter Adult''' | '''Winter Adult''' | ||
The pink parts become greyish, upperparts greyer and the belly loses the streaks. | The pink parts become greyish, upperparts greyer and the belly loses the streaks. | ||
| − | |||
====Similar Species==== | ====Similar Species==== | ||
| − | [[Bar-tailed Godwit]] whose bill has a slightly upcurved tip. | + | [[Bar-tailed Godwit]] whose bill has a slightly upcurved tip and narrowly barred tail (see comparison image<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>). [[Hudsonian Godwit]] of the Americas can be distinguished in all plumages by its underwing patterns, white in Black-tailed and mostly dark in Hudsonian. Also the bill is straight on Black-tailed, not noticeably upturned as in Hudsonian. Black-tailed has a broader, longer white wing stripe and broader white tail band (Hudsonian has less white in its tail). |
| + | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
Breeds in northern [[Palearctic]]; winters to southern [[Africa]], southern [[Asia]] and [[Australia]]. | Breeds in northern [[Palearctic]]; winters to southern [[Africa]], southern [[Asia]] and [[Australia]]. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | ====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|1]]</sup> | + | [[Image:28511230303 922456e71c c.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Adult in winter plumage, subspecies ''melanuroides''<br />Photo © by {{user|SeeToh|SeeToh}}<br />Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, [[Singapore]], 21 August 2016]] |
| − | *''L. l. islandica'': | + | ====Subspecies==== |
| + | |||
| + | Four subspecies are recognized<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>. | ||
| + | *''L. l. islandica'': Smaller, darker, with more extensive red on belly in Spring. | ||
:*breeds [[Iceland]], [[Faroe Islands]] and [[Shetland Islands]]; winters to south-western [[Europe]] | :*breeds [[Iceland]], [[Faroe Islands]] and [[Shetland Islands]]; winters to south-western [[Europe]] | ||
| − | *''L. l. limosa'': | + | *''L. l. limosa'': Larger, paler. |
:* breeds western [[Palearctic]]; winters to sub-Saharan [[Africa]] and [[India]] | :* breeds western [[Palearctic]]; winters to sub-Saharan [[Africa]] and [[India]] | ||
| − | *''L. l. melanuroides'': | + | *''L. l. melanuroides'': Similar to ''L. l. islandica'', but decidedly smaller. |
| − | :*breeds eastern | + | :* breeds in disjunct populations in [[Siberia]] east of the Yenisei River, in eastern [[Mongolia]], and in northeastern [[China]] (populations in northeastern Siberia probably are bohaii); winters from [[India]], [[Indochina]], [[Taiwan]] and [[Philippines]] south to [[Indonesia]], [[New Guinea]], [[Melanesia]], [[Australia]] and probably [[New Zealand]] |
| + | *''L. l. bohaii'': | ||
| + | :* breeding range not well established, but probably in northeastern Siberia (Sakha Republic); winter range also incompletely known, but reported from [[Hong Kong]] and [[Vietnam]] to [[Thailand]] and [[Malaysia]] | ||
| + | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| − | '''Breeds''' on temperate freshwater wetlands with open grassland. '''Winters''' on estuaries, mudflats and sandy shores. Also freshwater margins. | + | '''Breeds''' on temperate freshwater wetlands with open grassland.<br /> |
| − | [[Image: | + | '''Winters''' on estuaries, mudflats and sandy shores. Also freshwater margins. |
| + | [[Image:7D2 9838 b 900.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Spring male in flight<br />Photo © by {{user|Joe52|Joe52}}<br />Bournemouth, [[Hampshire]], [[UK]], 15 March 2016 ]] | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| + | |||
====Flight==== | ====Flight==== | ||
Fast and energetic. Outline cross-like | Fast and energetic. Outline cross-like | ||
| Line 32: | Line 43: | ||
They nest on the ground, usually in short vegetation, laying 3-6 eggs. | They nest on the ground, usually in short vegetation, laying 3-6 eggs. | ||
====Vocalisation==== | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
| + | [[Image:FH3I1610.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Molting adult in flight<br />Photo © by {{user|targetman|targetman}}<br />[[Lincolnshire]], [[UK]], 3 September 2018]] | ||
'''Flight Call''': "wicka-wicka-wicka" | '''Flight Call''': "wicka-wicka-wicka" | ||
| − | + | {{ Audio|Limosa limosa (song).mp3 }} | |
| − | + | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | [[Image:IMG 20190511 224716.jpg|thumb|350px|right|[[Bar-tailed Godwit]] left, [[Black-tailed Godwit]] right <br />Photo © by {{user|Andy+Hall|Andy Hall}}<br />Texel, Netherlands, 11 May 2019]] |
| + | #{{Ref-Clements6thOct22}}#{{Ref-GillDonskerRasmussen22V12.2}}#BirdLife International. 2017. Limosa limosa (amended version of 2016 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22693150A111611637. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22693150A111611637.en. Downloaded on 04 October 2018. | ||
| + | #Brazil, M. (2009) Birds of East Asia. Princeton Univ. Press. | ||
| + | #Chandler, R. (2009). Shorebirds of North America, Europe, and Asia: A photographic guide. Princeton. | ||
| + | #Engelmoer, M. & Roselaar, C. S. (1998): Geographical Variation in Waders. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht. | ||
| + | #Höglund, J., Johansson, T., Beintema, A. & Schekkerman, H. (2009) Phylogeography of the Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa: substructuring revealed by mtDNA control region sequences. J. Orn. 150(1): 45-53. | ||
| + | #Rasmussen & Anderton. 2012. Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Lynx Edicions | ||
| + | #Roselaar, C.S.; Gerritsen, Gerrit J. (1991). "Recognition of Icelandic Black-tailed Godwit and its occurrence in the Netherlands" (PDF). Dutch Birding. 13 (4): 128–135. | ||
| + | #Van Gils, J., Wiersma, P., Christie, D.A., Garcia, E.F.J. & Boesman, P. (2018). Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/53888 on 4 October 2018). | ||
#Collins Pocket Guide to British Birds 1966 | #Collins Pocket Guide to British Birds 1966 | ||
#Collins Field Guide 5th Edition | #Collins Field Guide 5th Edition | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
| + | |||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Limosa | + | {{GSearch|"Limosa limosa" {{!}} "Black-tailed Godwit"}} |
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | {{VSearch|"Limosa limosa" {{!}} "Black-tailed Godwit"}} | ||
| + | {{GS-checked}} | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
| − | |||
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Limosa]][[Category:Bird Songs]] [[Category:Videos]] | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Limosa]][[Category:Bird Songs]] [[Category:Videos]] | ||
Latest revision as of 20:04, 21 February 2023
- Limosa limosa
Identification
36–44 cm (14-17¼ in)
Straight, flesh-coloured bill with dark tip
Greyish legs
Summer Adult
Cinnamon-pink head, neck and breast. Brown, streaked black, upperparts. White wing-bar and dark wing tips. The white tail has a black bar at the tip. Belly white, marked with black.
Winter Adult
The pink parts become greyish, upperparts greyer and the belly loses the streaks.
Similar Species
Bar-tailed Godwit whose bill has a slightly upcurved tip and narrowly barred tail (see comparison image[1]). Hudsonian Godwit of the Americas can be distinguished in all plumages by its underwing patterns, white in Black-tailed and mostly dark in Hudsonian. Also the bill is straight on Black-tailed, not noticeably upturned as in Hudsonian. Black-tailed has a broader, longer white wing stripe and broader white tail band (Hudsonian has less white in its tail).
Distribution
Breeds in northern Palearctic; winters to southern Africa, southern Asia and Australia.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
Four subspecies are recognized[1].
- L. l. islandica: Smaller, darker, with more extensive red on belly in Spring.
- breeds Iceland, Faroe Islands and Shetland Islands; winters to south-western Europe
- L. l. limosa: Larger, paler.
- breeds western Palearctic; winters to sub-Saharan Africa and India
- L. l. melanuroides: Similar to L. l. islandica, but decidedly smaller.
- breeds in disjunct populations in Siberia east of the Yenisei River, in eastern Mongolia, and in northeastern China (populations in northeastern Siberia probably are bohaii); winters from India, Indochina, Taiwan and Philippines south to Indonesia, New Guinea, Melanesia, Australia and probably New Zealand
- L. l. bohaii:
Habitat
Breeds on temperate freshwater wetlands with open grassland.
Winters on estuaries, mudflats and sandy shores. Also freshwater margins.
Behaviour
Flight
Fast and energetic. Outline cross-like
Diet
The diet includes insects, worms, snails, insects, crustaceans, and parts of aquatic plants.
Breeding
They nest on the ground, usually in short vegetation, laying 3-6 eggs.
Vocalisation
Flight Call: "wicka-wicka-wicka"
References
Bar-tailed Godwit left, Black-tailed Godwit right
Photo © by Andy Hall
Texel, Netherlands, 11 May 2019
Photo © by Andy Hall
Texel, Netherlands, 11 May 2019
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Gill, F, D Donsker, and P Rasmussen (Eds). 2022. IOC World Bird List (v 12.2) DRAFT. Doi 10.14344/IOC.ML.12.2. http://www.worldbirdnames.org/
- BirdLife International. 2017. Limosa limosa (amended version of 2016 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22693150A111611637. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22693150A111611637.en. Downloaded on 04 October 2018.
- Brazil, M. (2009) Birds of East Asia. Princeton Univ. Press.
- Chandler, R. (2009). Shorebirds of North America, Europe, and Asia: A photographic guide. Princeton.
- Engelmoer, M. & Roselaar, C. S. (1998): Geographical Variation in Waders. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht.
- Höglund, J., Johansson, T., Beintema, A. & Schekkerman, H. (2009) Phylogeography of the Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa: substructuring revealed by mtDNA control region sequences. J. Orn. 150(1): 45-53.
- Rasmussen & Anderton. 2012. Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Lynx Edicions
- Roselaar, C.S.; Gerritsen, Gerrit J. (1991). "Recognition of Icelandic Black-tailed Godwit and its occurrence in the Netherlands" (PDF). Dutch Birding. 13 (4): 128–135.
- Van Gils, J., Wiersma, P., Christie, D.A., Garcia, E.F.J. & Boesman, P. (2018). Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/53888 on 4 October 2018).
- Collins Pocket Guide to British Birds 1966
- Collins Field Guide 5th Edition
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Black-tailed Godwit. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 7 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Black-tailed_Godwit
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.
