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Difference between revisions of "Black-crowned Tchagra" - BirdForum Opus

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[[Image:Black-crowned_Tchagra.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|Steve+G|Steve G}}<br />Brufut Community Woodland, Western Division, [[The Gambia]]]]
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[[Image:Black-crowned_Tchagra.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|Steve+G|Steve G}}<br />Brufut Community Woodland, Western Division, [[The Gambia]], March 2005]]
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;[[:Category:Tchagra|Tchagra]] senegala
 
;[[:Category:Tchagra|Tchagra]] senegala
 
Tchagra senegalus
 
Tchagra senegalus
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
19-22 cm<br />
 
19-22 cm<br />
 +
They have a mean-looking hooked beak, typical of the Bushshrikes and the same furtive habits.
 
'''Adult'''
 
'''Adult'''
 
*Black crown and eye stripe
 
*Black crown and eye stripe
Line 15: Line 15:
 
Sexes are similar<br />
 
Sexes are similar<br />
 
'''Young birds''' have a brown cap and a pale yellow bill.  
 
'''Young birds''' have a brown cap and a pale yellow bill.  
 +
 +
Size, colour of the back, underparts, eyestripe vary according to the subspecies.
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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[[Arabian peninsula]] and most of [[Africa]].
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[[Africa]] and the [[Middle East]]<br />
 +
'''Northern Africa''': [[Morocco]], [[Algeria]] [[Tunisia]], [[Libya]]<br />
 +
'''Western Africa''': [[Mauritania]], [[Senegal]], [[The Gambia]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Guinea]], [[Mali]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Liberia]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Ghana]], [[Togo]], [[Benin]] [[Nigeria]], [[Niger]] [[Chad]], [[Cameroon]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Gabon]], [[Congo]], [[Angola]]<br />
 +
'''Eastern Africa''': [[Sudan]], [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]] [[Djibouti]], [[Somalia]], [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]] [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]], [[Mozambique]], [[Malawi]]<br />
 +
'''Southern Africa''': [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[South Africa]], Western Cape, Eastern Cape, [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[Swaziland]]<br />
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'''Middle East''': [[Arabian Peninsula]], [[Saudi Arabia]] [[Yemen]], [[Oman]]
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
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There are 10 subspecies which vary in size and the colour of the back, underparts and eyestripe.
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====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>====
 +
There are 10 subspecies: which vary in size and the colour of the back, underparts and eyestripe.
 +
*''T. s. cucullatus'': Coastal [[Morocco]] to [[Algeria]] and [[Tunisia]]
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*''T. s. percivali'': Southern [[Arabian Peninsula]]
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*''T. s. remigialis'': Central [[Chad]] to central [[Sudan]] (Darfur, Kordofan and Nile Valley)
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*''T. s. nothus'': [[Mali]] to northern [[Nigeria]] and Lake Chad
 +
*''T. s. senegalus'': [[Senegal]] and [[Sierra Leone]] to [[Mali]], southern [[Chad]], [[Central African Republic]]
 +
*''T. s. wardangliensis'': Northern [[Somalia]] (Warsangli)
 +
*''T. s. habessinicus'': Southern [[Sudan]] (upper Nile Province) to [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]] and [[Somalia]]
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*''T. s. armenus'': Southern [[Cameroon]] to northern [[Zaire]], southern [[Sudan]], [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]], [[Mozambique]]
 +
*''T. s. orientalis'': Southern [[Somalia]] to eastern Transvaal, [[Natal]] and eastern Cape Province
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*''T. s. kalahari'': Southern [[Angola]], northern [[Namibia]], south-western [[Zambia]], north-western [[Zimbabwe]] to northern [[South Africa]]
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
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Scrub, open woodland, semi-desert and cultivation.
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Farm tracks with bushes and thickets in wetland areas and dry country. Light savannah woodland.
 
==Behaviour==
 
==Behaviour==
 
====Diet====
 
====Diet====
 
The diet includes insects.
 
The diet includes insects.
 
====Breeding====
 
====Breeding====
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It builds a cup shaped nest in a tree or bush, and 2-3 heavily marked white eggs are laid. Both sexes, but mainly the female, incubate for 12-15 days; the chicks fledge after another 15 days.
+
It builds a cup shaped nest in a tree or bush. The clutch consists of 2-3 heavily marked white eggs. Incubation (mostly by the female) takes 12-15 days; the chicks fledging after a further 15 days.
 
====Vocalisation====
 
====Vocalisation====
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Song: descending whistling, ''Chee-chee chee cheroo cheroo''.  
+
'''Song''': descending whistling, ''Chee-chee chee cheroo cheroo''.  
 
==References==
 
==References==
 +
#{{Ref-Clements6thDec09}}#Avibase
 
#Wikipedia
 
#Wikipedia
 +
#BF Member observations
 +
{{ref}}
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
 
{{GSearch|Tchagra+senegala}}  
 
{{GSearch|Tchagra+senegala}}  
 
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Tchagra]]
 
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Tchagra]]

Revision as of 23:01, 3 March 2010

Photo by Steve G
Brufut Community Woodland, Western Division, The Gambia, March 2005
Tchagra senegala

Tchagra senegalus

Identification

19-22 cm
They have a mean-looking hooked beak, typical of the Bushshrikes and the same furtive habits. Adult

  • Black crown and eye stripe
  • Broad white supercilium
  • Pale grey underparts
  • Light brown upperparts
  • Chestnut wings
  • Black tail, tipped white
  • Black bill

Sexes are similar
Young birds have a brown cap and a pale yellow bill.

Size, colour of the back, underparts, eyestripe vary according to the subspecies.

Distribution

Africa and the Middle East
Northern Africa: Morocco, Algeria Tunisia, Libya
Western Africa: Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Mali, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin Nigeria, Niger Chad, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Angola
Eastern Africa: Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique, Malawi
Southern Africa: Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Western Cape, Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Swaziland
Middle East: Arabian Peninsula, Saudi Arabia Yemen, Oman

Taxonomy

Subspecies[1]

There are 10 subspecies: which vary in size and the colour of the back, underparts and eyestripe.

Habitat

Farm tracks with bushes and thickets in wetland areas and dry country. Light savannah woodland.

Behaviour

Diet

The diet includes insects.

Breeding

It builds a cup shaped nest in a tree or bush. The clutch consists of 2-3 heavily marked white eggs. Incubation (mostly by the female) takes 12-15 days; the chicks fledging after a further 15 days.

Vocalisation

Song: descending whistling, Chee-chee chee cheroo cheroo.

References

  1. Clements, JF. 2009. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2009. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019.
  2. Avibase
  3. Wikipedia
  4. BF Member observations

Recommended Citation

External Links

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