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| − | [[Image: | + | [[Image:AfricanParadiseFlycatcherd.flack.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Male<br />Photo © by {{user|d.flack|d.flack}}<br />Durban Botanical Gardens, [[South Africa]], September 2004]] |
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;[[:Category:Terpsiphone|Terpsiphone]] viridis | ;[[:Category:Terpsiphone|Terpsiphone]] viridis | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | [[Image:African_Paradise_Flycatcher.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Rufous Morph<br />Photo © by {{user|rudydbn|rudydbn}}<br />Farutso Forest Gambia, [[Africa]], March, 2018]] | ||
| + | 18 cm (7 in) with 10-18 cm (4-7 in) long tail streamers. <br /> | ||
''' Male''' - black head, neck and underparts, chestnut wings and tail, white wingbar. <br /> | ''' Male''' - black head, neck and underparts, chestnut wings and tail, white wingbar. <br /> | ||
'''Female''' - browner tint to the underparts, no wingbar and no tail streamers.<br /> | '''Female''' - browner tint to the underparts, no wingbar and no tail streamers.<br /> | ||
| Line 9: | Line 12: | ||
The male African Paradise Flycatcher comes in two distinct forms a rufous morph and a white morph. They may even change colour from rufous to white and can sometimes be seen part way through the change with a mixture of white and rufous feathers. The dark head and blue eye are common to both forms. The female always retains the rufous colouring. | The male African Paradise Flycatcher comes in two distinct forms a rufous morph and a white morph. They may even change colour from rufous to white and can sometimes be seen part way through the change with a mixture of white and rufous feathers. The dark head and blue eye are common to both forms. The female always retains the rufous colouring. | ||
| − | African Paradise-Flycatcher (Terpsiphone viridis) is closely related to [[ | + | African Paradise-Flycatcher (Terpsiphone viridis) is closely related to [[Black-headed Paradise-Flycatcher]] ([[Terpsiphone rufiventer]]) , and hybrids occur with the underparts a mixture of black and red. |
| − | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
Widespread throughout [[Africa]] (south of the Sahara Desert) and the [[Middle East]] <br /> | Widespread throughout [[Africa]] (south of the Sahara Desert) and the [[Middle East]] <br /> | ||
'''Western Africa''': [[Mauritania]], [[Senegambia]], [[Senegal]], The [[Gambia]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Guinea]], [[Mali]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Liberia]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Ghana]], [[Togo]], [[Benin]], [[Nigeria]], [[Niger]], [[Chad]], [[Cameroon]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Gabon]], [[Congo]], [[Angola]]<br /> | '''Western Africa''': [[Mauritania]], [[Senegambia]], [[Senegal]], The [[Gambia]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Guinea]], [[Mali]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Liberia]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Ghana]], [[Togo]], [[Benin]], [[Nigeria]], [[Niger]], [[Chad]], [[Cameroon]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Gabon]], [[Congo]], [[Angola]]<br /> | ||
| − | '''Eastern Africa''': [[Sudan]], [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Djibouti]], [[Somalia]], [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zanzibar]], [[Zambia]], [[Mozambique]], [[Malawi]]<br /> | + | '''Eastern Africa''': [[South Sudan]], [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Djibouti]], [[Somalia]], [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zanzibar]], [[Zambia]], [[Mozambique]], [[Malawi]]<br /> |
| − | '''Southern Africa''': [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[South Africa]], [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[Lesotho]], [[ | + | '''Southern Africa''': [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[South Africa]], [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[Lesotho]], [[eSwatini]]<br /> |
'''Middle East''': [[Arabian Peninsula]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Yemen]], [[Oman]] | '''Middle East''': [[Arabian Peninsula]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Yemen]], [[Oman]] | ||
| − | + | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| + | ====Subspecies==== | ||
| + | [[Image:4381African-Paradise-Fly-close-.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo © by {{user|Steve+G|Steve G}}<br />Mandina Lodges, Makasutu, The [[Gambia]], March 2005]] | ||
| + | [[Image:African Paradise Flycatcher white morph male.jpg|thumb|350px|right|White Morph, young male <br />Photo © by {{user|Steve+G|Steve G}}<br />Arabuko-Sokoke forest, coastal [[Kenya]], August 2007]] | ||
| + | |||
There are 10 subspecies.<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> | There are 10 subspecies.<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> | ||
*''T. v. viridis'': | *''T. v. viridis'': | ||
:*[[Senegal]] and [[Gambia]] to [[Sierra Leone]] | :*[[Senegal]] and [[Gambia]] to [[Sierra Leone]] | ||
*''T. v. speciosa'': | *''T. v. speciosa'': | ||
| − | :*Southern [[Cameroon]] to | + | :*Southern [[Cameroon]] south to northeastern [[Angola]], east to [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] and southwestern [[South Sudan]] |
*''T. v. ferreti'': | *''T. v. ferreti'': | ||
:*[[Mali]] and [[Ivory Coast]] to north-eastern [[Zaire]], [[Sudan]], [[Kenya]] and [[Tanzania]] | :*[[Mali]] and [[Ivory Coast]] to north-eastern [[Zaire]], [[Sudan]], [[Kenya]] and [[Tanzania]] | ||
| Line 30: | Line 36: | ||
*''T. v. kivuensis'': | *''T. v. kivuensis'': | ||
:*South-western [[Uganda]] to eastern [[Zaire]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]] and north-western [[Tanzania]] | :*South-western [[Uganda]] to eastern [[Zaire]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]] and north-western [[Tanzania]] | ||
| − | |||
*''T. v. suahelica'': | *''T. v. suahelica'': | ||
:*Highlands of western [[Kenya]] and [[Tanzania]] | :*Highlands of western [[Kenya]] and [[Tanzania]] | ||
| Line 44: | Line 49: | ||
Evergreen, coastal and riverine forests. | Evergreen, coastal and riverine forests. | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| − | |||
====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
The clutch consists of 2-3 eggs which are laid in a tiny cup nest in a tree. | The clutch consists of 2-3 eggs which are laid in a tiny cup nest in a tree. | ||
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
| − | The diet | + | The diet consists of insects, including eggs and larvae, spiders; they also eat some small berries. |
| + | ==Gallery== | ||
| + | Click on photo for larger image | ||
| + | <gallery> | ||
| + | Image:Attachment19.jpg|Subspecies ''harterti''<br />Photo © by {{user|brackenb|brackenb}}<br />Abha, [[Saudi Arabia]], June 2014 | ||
| + | Image:DSC 75111.JPG|Subspecies ''ferreti''<br />Photo © by {{user|volker+sthamer|volker sthamer}}<br />Langano, [[Ethiopia]], March 2016 | ||
| + | </gallery> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug17}}#Avibase |
| + | #Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved October 2016) | ||
#Wikipedia | #Wikipedia | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch| | + | {{GSearch|"Terpsiphone viridis" {{!}} "African Paradise-Flycatcher"}} |
| + | {{GS-checked}} | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | |||
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Terpsiphone]] | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Terpsiphone]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:35, 5 December 2022
- Terpsiphone viridis
Identification
18 cm (7 in) with 10-18 cm (4-7 in) long tail streamers.
Male - black head, neck and underparts, chestnut wings and tail, white wingbar.
Female - browner tint to the underparts, no wingbar and no tail streamers.
Young birds are similar to the female but duller.
The male African Paradise Flycatcher comes in two distinct forms a rufous morph and a white morph. They may even change colour from rufous to white and can sometimes be seen part way through the change with a mixture of white and rufous feathers. The dark head and blue eye are common to both forms. The female always retains the rufous colouring.
African Paradise-Flycatcher (Terpsiphone viridis) is closely related to Black-headed Paradise-Flycatcher (Terpsiphone rufiventer) , and hybrids occur with the underparts a mixture of black and red.
Distribution
Widespread throughout Africa (south of the Sahara Desert) and the Middle East
Western Africa: Mauritania, Senegambia, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Mali, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Angola
Eastern Africa: South Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Zanzibar, Zambia, Mozambique, Malawi
Southern Africa: Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, eSwatini
Middle East: Arabian Peninsula, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman
Taxonomy
Subspecies
There are 10 subspecies.[1]
- T. v. viridis:
- Senegal and Gambia to Sierra Leone
- T. v. speciosa:
- Southern Cameroon south to northeastern Angola, east to Democratic Republic of the Congo and southwestern South Sudan
- T. v. ferreti:
- T. v. restricta:
- T. v. kivuensis:
- T. v. suahelica:
- T. v. ungujaensis:
- T. v. plumbeiceps:
- Southern Angola to western Zaire, south-western Tanzania and north-eastern South Africa
- T. v. granti:
- T. v. harterti:
- Southern Arabian peninsula
Habitat
Evergreen, coastal and riverine forests.
Behaviour
Breeding
The clutch consists of 2-3 eggs which are laid in a tiny cup nest in a tree.
Diet
The diet consists of insects, including eggs and larvae, spiders; they also eat some small berries.
Gallery
Click on photo for larger image
Subspecies harterti
Photo © by brackenb
Abha, Saudi Arabia, June 2014
Subspecies ferreti
Photo © by volker sthamer
Langano, Ethiopia, March 2016
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017, with updates to August 2017. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Avibase
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved October 2016)
- Wikipedia
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) African Paradise-Flycatcher. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 15 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/African_Paradise-Flycatcher
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.
