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Difference between revisions of "African Paradise-Flycatcher" - BirdForum Opus

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[[Image:African_Paradise_Flycatcher.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|rudydbn|rudydbn}}<br/>Location: Durban Botanical Gardens, [[South Africa]]]]
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[[Image:AfricanParadiseFlycatcherd.flack.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Male<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|d.flack|d.flack}}<br />Durban Botanical Gardens, [[South Africa]], September 2004]]
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;[[:Category:Terpsiphone|Terpsiphone]] viridis
 
;[[:Category:Terpsiphone|Terpsiphone]] viridis
 +
==Identification==
  
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==Identification==
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[[Image:African_Paradise_Flycatcher.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Rufous Morph<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|rudydbn|rudydbn}}<br />Farutso Forest Gambia, [[Africa]], March, 2018]]
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17cm with 17cm long tail streamers. ''' Male''' - black head, neck and underparts, chestnut wings and tail, white wingbar. '''Female''' - browner tint to the underparts, no wingbar and no tail streamers. Young birds are similar to the female but duller.
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18 cm (7 in) with 10-18 cm (4-7 in) long tail streamers. <br />
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''' Male''' - black head, neck and underparts, chestnut wings and tail, white wingbar. <br />
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'''Female''' - browner tint to the underparts, no wingbar and no tail streamers.<br />
 +
'''Young birds''' are similar to the female but duller.
  
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The male African Paradise Flycatcher comes in two distinct forms a rufous morph (pictured above) and a white morph. They may even change colour from rufous to white and can sometimes be seen part way through the change with a mixture of white and rufous feathers. The dark head and blue eye are common to both forms. The female always retains the rufous colouring.
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The male African Paradise Flycatcher comes in two distinct forms a rufous morph and a white morph. They may even change colour from rufous to white and can sometimes be seen part way through the change with a mixture of white and rufous feathers. The dark head and blue eye are common to both forms. The female always retains the rufous colouring.
  
 +
African Paradise-Flycatcher (Terpsiphone viridis) is closely related to [[Black-headed Paradise-Flycatcher]] ([[Terpsiphone rufiventer]]) , and hybrids occur with the underparts a mixture of black and red.
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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[[Africa]] south of the Sahara Desert.  
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Widespread throughout [[Africa]] (south of the Sahara Desert) and the [[Middle East]] <br />
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'''Western Africa''': [[Mauritania]], [[Senegambia]], [[Senegal]], The [[Gambia]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Guinea]], [[Mali]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Liberia]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Ghana]], [[Togo]], [[Benin]], [[Nigeria]], [[Niger]], [[Chad]], [[Cameroon]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Gabon]], [[Congo]], [[Angola]]<br />
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'''Eastern Africa''': [[South Sudan]], [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Djibouti]], [[Somalia]], [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zanzibar]], [[Zambia]], [[Mozambique]], [[Malawi]]<br />
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'''Southern Africa''': [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[South Africa]], [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[Lesotho]], [[eSwatini]]<br />
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'''Middle East''': [[Arabian Peninsula]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Yemen]], [[Oman]]
  
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
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There are two subspecies; ''T. v. viridis'' and ''T. v. plumbeiceps''.
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====Subspecies====
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[[Image:4381African-Paradise-Fly-close-.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Steve+G|Steve G}}<br />Mandina Lodges, Makasutu, The [[Gambia]], March 2005]]
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[[Image:African Paradise Flycatcher white morph male.jpg|thumb|350px|right|White Morph, young male <br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Steve+G|Steve G}}<br />Arabuko-Sokoke forest, coastal [[Kenya]], August 2007]]
  
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==Habitat==
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There are 10 subspecies.<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>
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*''T. v. viridis'':
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:*[[Senegal]] and [[Gambia]] to [[Sierra Leone]]
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*''T. v. speciosa'':
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:*Southern [[Cameroon]] south to northeastern [[Angola]], east to [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] and southwestern [[South Sudan]]
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*''T. v. ferreti'':
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:*[[Mali]] and [[Ivory Coast]] to north-eastern [[Zaire]], [[Sudan]], [[Kenya]] and [[Tanzania]]
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*''T. v. restricta'':
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:*Lake Victoria region of western [[Kenya]] and [[Uganda]]
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*''T. v. kivuensis'':
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:*South-western [[Uganda]] to eastern [[Zaire]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]] and north-western [[Tanzania]]
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*''T. v. suahelica'':
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:*Highlands of western [[Kenya]] and [[Tanzania]]
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*''T. v. ungujaensis'':
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:*Eastern [[Tanzania]] to [[Zambia]]; [[Zanzibar]], Pemba Island and Mafia Island
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*''T. v. plumbeiceps'':
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:*Southern [[Angola]] to western [[Zaire]], south-western [[Tanzania]] and north-eastern [[South Africa]]
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*''T. v. granti'':
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:*[[Natal]] to south-western Cape Province; winters to southern [[Tanzania]]
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*''T. v. harterti'':
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:*Southern [[Arabian peninsula]]
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==Habitat==  
 
Evergreen, coastal and riverine forests.
 
Evergreen, coastal and riverine forests.
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==Behaviour==
 
==Behaviour==
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2-3 eggs are laid in a tiny cup nest in a tree.
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====Breeding====
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The clutch consists of 2-3 eggs which are laid in a tiny cup nest in a tree.
 +
====Diet====
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The diet consists of insects, including eggs and larvae, spiders; they also eat some small berries.
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==Gallery==
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Click on photo for larger image
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<gallery>
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Image:Attachment19.jpg|Subspecies ''harterti''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|brackenb|brackenb}}<br />Abha, [[Saudi Arabia]], June 2014
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Image:DSC 75111.JPG|Subspecies ''ferreti''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|volker+sthamer|volker sthamer}}<br />Langano, [[Ethiopia]], March 2016
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</gallery>
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==References==
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#{{Ref-Clements6thAug17}}#Avibase
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#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved October 2016)
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#Wikipedia
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{{ref}}
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==External Links==
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{{GSearch|"Terpsiphone viridis" {{!}} "African Paradise-Flycatcher"}} 
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{{GS-checked}}
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<br />
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<br />
  
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The diet includes insects.
 
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==External Links==
 
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{{GSearch|Terpsiphone viridis}} 
 
 
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Terpsiphone]]
 
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Terpsiphone]]

Latest revision as of 22:35, 5 December 2022

Male
Photo © by d.flack
Durban Botanical Gardens, South Africa, September 2004
Terpsiphone viridis

Identification

Rufous Morph
Photo © by rudydbn
Farutso Forest Gambia, Africa, March, 2018

18 cm (7 in) with 10-18 cm (4-7 in) long tail streamers.
Male - black head, neck and underparts, chestnut wings and tail, white wingbar.
Female - browner tint to the underparts, no wingbar and no tail streamers.
Young birds are similar to the female but duller.

The male African Paradise Flycatcher comes in two distinct forms a rufous morph and a white morph. They may even change colour from rufous to white and can sometimes be seen part way through the change with a mixture of white and rufous feathers. The dark head and blue eye are common to both forms. The female always retains the rufous colouring.

African Paradise-Flycatcher (Terpsiphone viridis) is closely related to Black-headed Paradise-Flycatcher (Terpsiphone rufiventer) , and hybrids occur with the underparts a mixture of black and red.

Distribution

Widespread throughout Africa (south of the Sahara Desert) and the Middle East
Western Africa: Mauritania, Senegambia, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Mali, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Angola
Eastern Africa: South Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Zanzibar, Zambia, Mozambique, Malawi
Southern Africa: Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, eSwatini
Middle East: Arabian Peninsula, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman

Taxonomy

Subspecies

Female
Photo © by Steve G
Mandina Lodges, Makasutu, The Gambia, March 2005
White Morph, young male
Photo © by Steve G
Arabuko-Sokoke forest, coastal Kenya, August 2007

There are 10 subspecies.[1]

  • T. v. viridis:
  • T. v. speciosa:
  • T. v. ferreti:
  • T. v. restricta:
  • T. v. kivuensis:
  • T. v. suahelica:
  • T. v. ungujaensis:
  • T. v. plumbeiceps:
  • T. v. granti:
  • Natal to south-western Cape Province; winters to southern Tanzania
  • T. v. harterti:

Habitat

Evergreen, coastal and riverine forests.

Behaviour

Breeding

The clutch consists of 2-3 eggs which are laid in a tiny cup nest in a tree.

Diet

The diet consists of insects, including eggs and larvae, spiders; they also eat some small berries.

Gallery

Click on photo for larger image

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017, with updates to August 2017. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Avibase
  3. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved October 2016)
  4. Wikipedia

Recommended Citation

External Links

GSearch checked for 2020 platform.

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