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− | + | [[Image:AfrGreenPigeon_juninho_UluKenya.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Subspecies ''T. c. wakefieldii''<br />Photo © by {{user|juninho|juninho}}<br /> Ulu, [[Kenya]], 29 July 2005]] | |
− | [[Image: | + | ;[[:Category:Treron|Treron]] calva<br /> |
+ | ''Treron calvus'' | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
− | Grey green to | + | [[Image:STH 9291.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Subspecies ''T. c. gibberifrons''<br />Photo © by {{user|volker+sthamer|volker sthamer}}<br />Entebbe, [[Uganda]], 21 July 2018]] |
− | + | 25–30 cm (9¾-11¾ in) | |
+ | *Grey-green to yellowish-green upperparts | ||
+ | *Yellow thighs | ||
+ | *Mauve patches on the top of the wing | ||
+ | *White-tipped red bill | ||
+ | *Red feet | ||
+ | ====Variations==== | ||
+ | Both subspecies ''salvadorii'' and ''gibberifrons'' have large red [[Topography#Heads|ceres]]; however, the one belonging to ''gibberifrons'', as well as being even larger, is also brighter. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
− | [[ | + | Widespread in sub-Saharan [[Africa]]<br /> |
+ | '''Western Africa''': [[Mauritania]], [[Senegambia]], [[Senegal]], The [[Gambia]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Guinea]], [[Mali]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Liberia]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Ghana]], [[Togo]], [[Benin]], [[Nigeria]], [[Niger]], [[Chad]], [[Cameroon]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Gabon]], [[Congo]], [[Angola]]<br /> | ||
+ | '''Eastern Africa''': [[Sudan]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zanzibar]], [[Zambia]], [[Mozambique]], [[Malawi]]<br /> | ||
+ | '''Southern Africa''': [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]]<br /> | ||
+ | '''South Africa''': [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[eSwatini]] to eastern Cape Province<br /> | ||
+ | '''African Islands''': Gulf of Guinea Islands, [[Bioko]] (Fernando Po), Sao Tome, Principe | ||
+ | |||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
− | + | [[Image:African_Green_Pigeon.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Subspecies ''T. c. nudirostris''<br />Photo © by {{user|Reini|Reini}}<br /> Lamin fields, [[The Gambia]], November 2005]] | |
+ | ====Subspecies==== | ||
+ | ''Treron calvus'' has 15 subspecies:<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> | ||
+ | *''T. c. nudirostris'' | ||
+ | :*[[Senegal]] to [[Gambia]] and [[Guinea-Bissau]] | ||
+ | *''T. c. sharpei'' | ||
+ | :*[[Sierra Leone]] to southern [[Nigeria]] and northern [[Cameroon]] | ||
+ | *''T. c. calvus'' | ||
+ | :*Eastern [[Nigeria]] to north-eastern [[DRC]], central [[Angola]] and [[Príncipe]]. | ||
+ | *''T. c. poensis'' | ||
+ | :*[[Bioko]] | ||
+ | *''T. c. virescens'': | ||
+ | :*Principe Island (Gulf of Guinea) | ||
+ | *''T. c. uellensis'' | ||
+ | :*Northern [[Zaire]] to southern [[Sudan]] and [[Uganda]] | ||
+ | *''T. c. brevicera'' | ||
+ | :*South-western [[Ethiopia]] to northern [[Tanzania]] east of the Rift Valley | ||
+ | *''T. c. salvadorii'' | ||
+ | :*[[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]] and [[Burundi]] to eastern [[DRC]] | ||
+ | *''T. c. gibberifrons'': | ||
+ | :*South-eastern [[South Sudan]] south to the Lake Victoria Basin in [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]], western [[Burundi]], western [[Kenya]], and north-western [[Tanzania]] | ||
+ | *''T. c. wakefieldii'' | ||
+ | :*Coastal [[Kenya]] and north-eastern [[Tanzania]] | ||
+ | *''T. c. schalowi'' | ||
+ | :*Eastern [[Angola]], north-eastern [[Namibia]], northern [[Botswana]], and north-western [[Zimbabwe]] | ||
+ | *''T. c. ansorgei'' | ||
+ | :*Western [[Angola]] | ||
+ | *''T. c. vylderi'' | ||
+ | :*North-western [[Namibia]] | ||
+ | *''T. c. delalandii'' | ||
+ | :*Coastal from southern [[Tanzania]] to south-eastern [[South Africa]] | ||
+ | *''T. c. granti'' | ||
+ | :*Lowlands of eastern [[Tanzania]] and [[Zanzibar]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | The last two subspecies are sometimes separated as Grey-breasted Green-Pigeon | ||
+ | |||
+ | Subspecies ''damarensis'' and ''chobiensis'' are no longer recognised and have been included in ''T. c. schalowi''. Additionally, subspecies ''granviki'' is now subsumed into ''T. c. gibberifrons'', and ''orientalis'' into *''T. c. delalandii''. | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
− | + | Forests, bushveld, savanna; always associated with fruiting trees, especially figs. | |
− | |||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
Arboreal. | Arboreal. | ||
− | + | ====Diet==== | |
− | The diet | + | The diet consists almost entirely of fruit and berries, particularly figs. |
− | + | ====Breeding==== | |
The nest is a frail platform of coarse twigs and leaves. 1-2 eggs are laid and incubated for 13 days. | The nest is a frail platform of coarse twigs and leaves. 1-2 eggs are laid and incubated for 13 days. | ||
+ | ==References== | ||
+ | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug21}}#[https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=001465742A76224D Avibase] | ||
+ | #[http://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_green_pigeon.html Africa Bird Guide] | ||
+ | #BF Member observations | ||
+ | #Baptista, L.F., Trail, P.W., Horblit, H.M., Kirwan, G.M. & Garcia, E.F.J. (2018). African Green-pigeon (''Treron calvus''). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/54300 on 13 December 2018). | ||
+ | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
− | {{GSearch|Treron | + | {{GSearch|"Treron calva" {{!}} "Treron calvus" {{!}} "African Green Pigeon" }} |
− | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Treron]] | + | <br /> |
+ | {{VSearch|"Treron calva" {{!}} "Treron calvus" {{!}} "African Green Pigeon", video}} | ||
+ | {{GS-checked}}1 | ||
+ | <br /> | ||
+ | <br /> | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Treron]] [[Category:Videos]] |
Latest revision as of 13:56, 26 June 2023
- Treron calva
Treron calvus
Identification
25–30 cm (9¾-11¾ in)
- Grey-green to yellowish-green upperparts
- Yellow thighs
- Mauve patches on the top of the wing
- White-tipped red bill
- Red feet
Variations
Both subspecies salvadorii and gibberifrons have large red ceres; however, the one belonging to gibberifrons, as well as being even larger, is also brighter.
Distribution
Widespread in sub-Saharan Africa
Western Africa: Mauritania, Senegambia, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Mali, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Angola
Eastern Africa: Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Zanzibar, Zambia, Mozambique, Malawi
Southern Africa: Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe
South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal, eSwatini to eastern Cape Province
African Islands: Gulf of Guinea Islands, Bioko (Fernando Po), Sao Tome, Principe
Taxonomy
Subspecies
Treron calvus has 15 subspecies:[1]
- T. c. nudirostris
- Senegal to Gambia and Guinea-Bissau
- T. c. sharpei
- Sierra Leone to southern Nigeria and northern Cameroon
- T. c. calvus
- T. c. poensis
- T. c. virescens:
- Principe Island (Gulf of Guinea)
- T. c. uellensis
- T. c. brevicera
- T. c. salvadorii
- T. c. gibberifrons:
- T. c. wakefieldii
- T. c. schalowi
- T. c. ansorgei
- Western Angola
- T. c. vylderi
- North-western Namibia
- T. c. delalandii
- Coastal from southern Tanzania to south-eastern South Africa
- T. c. granti
The last two subspecies are sometimes separated as Grey-breasted Green-Pigeon
Subspecies damarensis and chobiensis are no longer recognised and have been included in T. c. schalowi. Additionally, subspecies granviki is now subsumed into T. c. gibberifrons, and orientalis into *T. c. delalandii.
Habitat
Forests, bushveld, savanna; always associated with fruiting trees, especially figs.
Behaviour
Arboreal.
Diet
The diet consists almost entirely of fruit and berries, particularly figs.
Breeding
The nest is a frail platform of coarse twigs and leaves. 1-2 eggs are laid and incubated for 13 days.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Avibase
- Africa Bird Guide
- BF Member observations
- Baptista, L.F., Trail, P.W., Horblit, H.M., Kirwan, G.M. & Garcia, E.F.J. (2018). African Green-pigeon (Treron calvus). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/54300 on 13 December 2018).
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) African Green Pigeon. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 20 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/African_Green_Pigeon
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1